xts (version 0.9-7)

xts: Create Or Test For An xts Time-Series Object

Description

Constructor function for creating an extensible time-series object.

xts is used to create an xts object from raw data inputs.

Usage

xts(x = NULL,
    order.by = index(x),
    frequency = NULL,
    unique = TRUE,
    tzone = Sys.getenv("TZ"),
    ...)
is.xts(x)

Arguments

x

an object containing the time series data

order.by

a corresponding vector of unique times/dates - must be of a known time-based class. See details.

frequency

numeric indicating frequency of order.by. See details.

unique

should index be checked for unique time-stamps?

tzone

time zone of series. This is ignored for Date indices

…

additional attributes to be added. See details.

Value

An S3 object of class xts. As it inherits and extends the zoo class, all zoo methods remain valid. Additional attributes may be assigned and extracted via xtsAttributes.

Details

An xts object extends the S3 class zoo from the package of the same name.

The first difference in this extension provides for a requirement that the index values not only be unique and ordered, but also must be of a time-based class. Currently acceptable classes include: ‘Date’, ‘POSIXct’, ‘timeDate’, as well as ‘yearmon’ and ‘yearqtr’ where the index values remain unique.

This last uniqueness requirement has been relaxed as of version 0.5-0. By setting unique=FALSE, only a check that the index is not decreasing is carried out via the isOrdered function.

The second difference is that the object may now carry additional attributes that may be desired in individual time-series handling. This includes the ability to augment the objects data with meta-data otherwise not cleanly attachable to a standard zoo object.

Examples of usage from finance may include the addition of data for keeping track of sources, last-update times, financial instrument descriptions or details, etc.

The idea behind xts is to offer the user the ability to utilize a standard zoo object, while providing an mechanism to customize the object's meta-data, as well as create custom methods to handle the object in a manner required by the user.

Many xts-sepcific methods have been written to better handle the unique aspects of xts. These include, ‘"["’, merge, cbind, rbind, c, Ops, lag, diff, coredata, head and tail. Additionally there are xts specific methods for converting amongst R's different time-series classes.

Subsetting via "[" methods offers the ability to specify dates by range, if they are enclosed in quotes. The style borrows from python by creating ranges with a double colon “"::"” or “"/"” operator. Each side of the operator may be left blank, which would then default to the beginning and end of the data, respectively. To specify a subset of times, it is only required that the time specified be in standard ISO format, with some form of separation between the elements. The time must be ‘left-filled’, that is to specify a full year one needs only to provide the year, a month would require the full year and the integer of the month requested - e.g. '1999-01'. This format would extend all the way down to seconds - e.g. '1999-01-01 08:35:23'. Leading zeros are not necessary. See the examples for more detail.

Users may also extend the xts class to new classes to allow for method overloading.

Additional benefits derive from the use of as.xts and reclass, which allow for lossless two-way conversion between common R time-series classes and the xts object structure. See those functions for more detail.

References

zoo:

See Also

as.xts, reclass, xtsAttributes

Examples

# NOT RUN {
data(sample_matrix)
sample.xts <- as.xts(sample_matrix, descr='my new xts object')

class(sample.xts)
str(sample.xts)

head(sample.xts)  # attribute 'descr' hidden from view
attr(sample.xts,'descr')

sample.xts['2007']  # all of 2007
sample.xts['2007-03/']  # March 2007 to the end of the data set
sample.xts['2007-03/2007']  # March 2007 to the end of 2007
sample.xts['/'] # the whole data set
sample.xts['/2007'] # the beginning of the data through 2007
sample.xts['2007-01-03'] # just the 3rd of January 2007
# }