DAISIE (version 1.0.2)

DAISIE_sim: Simulate islands with given parameters.

Description

This function simulates islands with given cladogenesis, extinction, Kprime, immigration and anagenesis parameters. If a single parameter set is provided (5 parameters) it simulates islands where all species have the same macro-evolutionary process. If two paramater sets (10 parameters) are provided, it simulates islands where two different macro-evolutionary processes operate, one applying to type 1 species and other to type 2 species.

Usage

DAISIE_sim(
   time,
   M,
   pars,
   replicates,
   prop_type2_pool = NA,
   replicates_apply_type2 = TRUE,
   format = TRUE,
   sample_freq = 25,
   plot_sims = TRUE)

Arguments

time

Length of the simulation in time units. For example, if an island is know to be 4 million years old, setting time = 4 will simulate entire life span of the island; setting time = 2 will stop the simulation at the mid-life of the island.

M

The size of the mainland pool, i.e the number of species that can potentially colonize the island

pars

Contains the model parameters: pars[1] corresponds to lambda^c (cladogenesis rate) pars[2] corresponds to mu (extinction rate) pars[3] corresponds to K (clade-level carrying capacity). Set K=Inf for non-diversi

replicates

Number of island replicates to be simulated.

prop_type2_pool

Fraction of mainland species that belongs to the second subset of species (type 2). Applies only when two types of species are simulated (length(pars)=10).

replicates_apply_type2

Applies only when two types of species are being simulated. Default replicates_apply_type2=TRUE runs simulations until the number of islands where a type 2 species has colonised is equal to the specified number of replicates. This is recommended i

format

Default format=TRUE formats island replicates to a DAISIE format that can be run in DAISIE_ML, DAISIE_loglik_all and DAISIE_plot_sims functions. sample_freq needs to be specified. Setting format=FALSE saves replicates in a RAW format that includes,

sample_freq

Specifies the number of units time should be divided by for plotting purposes. Applies only if format=TRUE. Larger values will lead to plots with higher definition, but will also run slower.

plot_sims

Default=TRUE plots species-through-time (STT) plots. It detects how many types of species are present. If only one type of species is present, STT is plotted for all species. If two types are present, three plots are produced: STT for all, STT for typ

Value

• If format=TRUE returns R list with simulated islands in a DAISIE format. Each simulated dataset is an element of the list, which can be called using [[x]]. For example if the object is called island_replicates, the 1st replicate can be called using island_replicates[[1]] Each of the island replicates is a list in itself. The first (e.g. island_replicates[[x]][[1]]) element of that list has the following components: $island_age - the island age Then, depending on whether a distinction between types is made, we have: $not_present - the number of mainland lineages that are not present on the island or: $not_present_type1 - the number of mainland lineages of type 1 that are not present on the island $not_present_type2 - the number of mainland lineages of type 2 that are not present on the island $stt_all - STT table for all species on the island (nI - number of non-endemic species; nA - number of anagenetic species, nC - number of cladogenetic species, present - number of independent colonisations present ) $stt_stt_type1 - STT table for type 1 species on the island - only if 2 types of species were simulated (nI - number of non-endemic species; nA - number of anagenetic species, nC - number of cladogenetic species, present - number of independent colonisations present ) $stt_stt_type2 - STT table for type 2 species on the island - only if 2 types of species were simulated (nI - number of non-endemic species; nA - number of anagenetic species, nC - number of cladogenetic species, present - number of independent colonisations present ) The subsequent elements of the list each contain information on a single colonist lineage on the island and has 4 components: $branching_times - island age and stem age of the population/species in the case of Non-endemic, Non-endemic_MaxAge and Endemic anagenetic species. For cladogenetic species these should be island age and branching times of the radiation including the stem age of the radiation. $stac - the status of the colonist * Non_endemic_MaxAge: 1 * Endemic: 2 * Endemic&Non_Endemic: 3 * Non_endemic: 4 $missing_species - number of island species that were not sampled for particular clade (only applicable for endemic clades) $type_1or2 - whether the colonist belongs to type 1 or type 2 If format=FALSE returns R list with simulated islands in a RAW format. Each simulated dataset is an element of the list, which can be called using [[x]]. For example if the object is called island_replicates, the 1st replicate can be called using island_replicates[[1]] Each of the island replicates is a list in itself. The first (e.g. island_replicates[[x]][[1]]) element of that list has the following components: The following elements of the RAW list each contain information on a single colonist lineage on the island and has 5 components: $branching_times - island age and stem age of the population/species in the case of Non-endemic, Non-endemic_MaxAge and Endemic anagenetic species. For cladogenetic species these should be island age and branching times of the radiation including the stem age of the radiation. $stac - the status of the colonist * Not_present: 0 cr * Non_endemic_MaxAge: 1 * Endemic: 2 * Endemic&Non_Endemic: 3 * Non_endemic: 4 $stt_table - Species-through-time table for the descendants of the mainland species (nI - number of non-endemic species; nA - number of anagenetic species, nC - number of cladogenetic species) $missing_species - number of island species that were not sampled for particular clade (only applicable for endemic clades) $type_1or2 - whether the colonist belongs to type 1 or type 2

Details

Returns R list object that contains the simulated islands. If format=TRUE the list is in DAISIE format that can be run on other DAISIE functions. If format=FALSE the list is in RAW format.

References

Valente, L.M., A.B. Phillimore and R.S. Etienne (2015). Equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics simultaneously operate in the Galapagos islands. Ecology Letters 18: 844-852.

See Also

DAISIE_format_sim DAISIE_plot_sims

Examples

cat("## Simulate 40 islands for 4 million years, where all species have equal 
## rates, and plot the species-through-time plot. Pool size 1000.

pars_equal = c(2.550687345,2.683454548,Inf,0.00933207,1.010073119)
island_replicates_equal = DAISIE_sim(
   time = 4,
   M = 1000,
   pars = pars_equal,
   replicates = 40
   )

## Simulate 15 islands for 4 million years with two types of species (type1 
## and type 2), and plot the species-through-time plot. Pool size 1000. Fraction
## of type 2 species in source pool is 0.163. Function will simulate until number of islands
## where type 2 species has colonised is equal to number specified in replicates.

pars_type1 = c(0.195442017,0.087959583,Inf,0.002247364,0.873605049)
pars_type2 = c(3755.202241,8.909285094,14.99999923,0.002247364,0.873605049)
island_replicates_2types = DAISIE_sim(
   time = 4,
   M = 1000,
   pars = c(pars_type1,pars_type2),
   replicates = 15,
   prop_type2_pool = 0.163
   )
")