aroma.light (version 3.2.0)

backtransformPrincipalCurve: Reverse transformation of principal-curve fit

Description

Reverse transformation of principal-curve fit.

Usage

"backtransformPrincipalCurve"(X, fit, dimensions=NULL, targetDimension=NULL, ...)
"backtransformPrincipalCurve"(X, ...)

Arguments

X

An NxK matrix containing data to be backtransformed.

fit

An MxL principal-curve fit object of class principal.curve as returned by fitPrincipalCurve(). Typically $L = K$, but not always.

dimensions

An (optional) subset of of D dimensions all in [1,L] to be returned (and backtransform).

targetDimension

An (optional) index specifying the dimension in [1,L] to be used as the target dimension of the fit. More details below.

...

Passed internally to smooth.spline.

Value

The backtransformed NxK (or NxD) matrix.

Target dimension

By default, the backtransform is such that afterward the signals are approximately proportional to the (first) principal curve as fitted by fitPrincipalCurve(). This scale and origin of this principal curve is not uniquely defined. If targetDimension is specified, then the backtransformed signals are approximately proportional to the signals of the target dimension, and the signals in the target dimension are unchanged.

Subsetting dimensions

Argument dimensions can be used to backtransform a subset of dimensions (K) based on a subset of the fitted dimensions (L). If $K = L$, then both X and fit is subsetted. If $K <> L$, then it is assumed that X is already subsetted/expanded and only fit is subsetted.

Details

Each column in X ("dimension") is backtransformed independentently of the others.

See Also

fitPrincipalCurve()

Examples

# Consider the case where K=4 measurements have been done
# for the same underlying signals 'x'.  The different measurements
# have different systematic variation
#
#   y_k = f(x_k) + eps_k; k = 1,...,K.
#
# In this example, we assume non-linear measurement functions
#
#   f(x) = a + b*x + x^c + eps(b*x)
#
# where 'a' is an offset, 'b' a scale factor, and 'c' an exponential.
# We also assume heteroscedastic zero-mean noise with standard
# deviation proportional to the rescaled underlying signal 'x'.
#
# Furthermore, we assume that measurements k=2 and k=3 undergo the
# same transformation, which may illustrate that the come from
# the same batch. However, when *fitting* the model below we
# will assume they are independent.

# Transforms
a <- c(2, 15, 15,   3)
b <- c(2,  3,  3,   4)
c <- c(1,  2,  2, 1/2)
K <- length(a)

# The true signal
N <- 1000
x <- rexp(N)

# The noise
bX <- outer(b,x)
E <- apply(bX, MARGIN=2, FUN=function(x) rnorm(K, mean=0, sd=0.1*x))

# The transformed signals with noise
Xc <- t(sapply(c, FUN=function(c) x^c))
Y <- a + bX + Xc + E
Y <- t(Y)



# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# Fit principal curve
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# Fit principal curve through Y = (y_1, y_2, ..., y_K)
fit <- fitPrincipalCurve(Y)

# Flip direction of 'lambda'?
rho <- cor(fit$lambda, Y[,1], use="complete.obs")
flip <- (rho < 0)
if (flip) {
  fit$lambda <- max(fit$lambda, na.rm=TRUE)-fit$lambda
}

L <- ncol(fit$s)

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# Backtransform data according to model fit
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# Backtransform toward the principal curve (the "common scale")
YN1 <- backtransformPrincipalCurve(Y, fit=fit)
stopifnot(ncol(YN1) == K)


# Backtransform toward the first dimension
YN2 <- backtransformPrincipalCurve(Y, fit=fit, targetDimension=1)
stopifnot(ncol(YN2) == K)


# Backtransform toward the last (fitted) dimension
YN3 <- backtransformPrincipalCurve(Y, fit=fit, targetDimension=L)
stopifnot(ncol(YN3) == K)


# Backtransform toward the third dimension (dimension by dimension)
# Note, this assumes that K == L.
YN4 <- Y
for (cc in 1:L) {
  YN4[,cc] <- backtransformPrincipalCurve(Y, fit=fit,
                                  targetDimension=1, dimensions=cc)
}
stopifnot(identical(YN4, YN2))


# Backtransform a subset toward the first dimension
# Note, this assumes that K == L.
YN5 <- backtransformPrincipalCurve(Y, fit=fit,
                               targetDimension=1, dimensions=2:3)
stopifnot(identical(YN5, YN2[,2:3]))
stopifnot(ncol(YN5) == 2)


# Extract signals from measurement #2 and backtransform according
# its model fit.  Signals are standardized to target dimension 1.
y6 <- Y[,2,drop=FALSE]
yN6 <- backtransformPrincipalCurve(y6, fit=fit, dimensions=2,
                                               targetDimension=1)
stopifnot(identical(yN6, YN2[,2,drop=FALSE]))
stopifnot(ncol(yN6) == 1)


# Extract signals from measurement #2 and backtransform according
# the the model fit of measurement #3 (because we believe these
# two have undergone very similar transformations.
# Signals are standardized to target dimension 1.
y7 <- Y[,2,drop=FALSE]
yN7 <- backtransformPrincipalCurve(y7, fit=fit, dimensions=3,
                                               targetDimension=1)
stopifnot(ncol(yN7) == 1)
stopifnot(cor(yN7, yN6) > 0.9999)