This function returns body mass estimates for bipeds based on minimum femoral circumference using a set of five equations (intended for non-avian dinosaurs)
bipeds(FC, cQE.eq = "raw", cQE.cor = 2, data = NULL)a value or vector representing femoral circumference (should be in mm)
desired estimation equation for the cQE. Two possible choices (See cQE). "raw" is default
correction factor to be used (\(\alpha{^2}\)). The default is 2, as per Campione et al. (2014)
an optional object of class = "data.frame" or class = "matrix"
Nine numeric values or columns are returned (all masses are in grams):
A numeric value or vector of mass estimates using cQE
A numeric value or vector representing the upper prediction error of the cQE based on that derived for the specific equation in Campione and Evans (2012)
A numeric value or vector representing the lower prediction error of the cQE
A numeric value or vector of mass estimates using qcQE (quadratic equation)
A numeric value or vector representing the upper prediction error of qcQE derived for the specific equation in Campione (in review)
A numeric value or vector representing the lower prediction error of qcQE
A numeric value or vector of mass estimates using Anderson et al. (1985)
A numeric value or vector of mass estimates using Christiansen and Farina (2004)
A numeric value or vector of mass estimates using Campbell and Marcus (1992)
This function returns estimates from five equations intented for terrestrial bipeds (in particular non-avian dinosaurs): Campione et al. (2014); Campione (in review); Anderson et al. (1985); Christiansen and Farina (2004); Campbell and Marcus (1992). For more details please see the specific functions.
If a data object is specified, the mass estiamtes and additional results will be added as columns to the data.frame or matrix within that object.
Anderson, J. F., Hall-Martin, A. and Russell, D.A. (1985) Long-bone circumference and weight in mammals, birds and dinosaurs. Journal of the Zoological Society of London A, 207, 53-61.
Campbell Jr., K.E. and Marcus, L. (1992) The relationships of hindlimb bone dimensions to body weight in birds. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Series, 36, 395-412.
Campione, N. E., Evans, D. C., Brown, C. M. and Carrano, M. T. (2014) Body mass estimation in non-avian bipeds using a theoretical conversion to quadruped stylopodial proportions. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 5(9), 913-923.
Campione, N. E. (2017) Extrapolation of a universal scaling relationship for estimating body masses in extinct terrestrial vertebrates. Paleobiology, 43, 693-699.
Christiansen, P. and Farina, R. A. (2004) Mass prediction in theropod dinosaurs. Historical Biology, 16, 85-92.