car (version 2.1-6)

boxCox: Graph the profile log-likelihood for Box-Cox transformations in 1D or in 2D with the bcnPower family.

Description

Computes and optionally plots profile log-likelihoods for the parameter of the Box-Cox power family, the Yeo-Johnson power family, or for either of the parameters in a skew power family. This is a slight generalization of the boxcox function in the MASS package that allows for families of transformations other than the Box-Cox power family.

Usage

boxCox(object, ...)

# S3 method for default boxCox(object, lambda = seq(-2, 2, 1/10), plotit = TRUE, interp = plotit, eps = 1/50, xlab=NULL, ylab=NULL, family="bcPower", param=c("lambda", "gamma"), gamma=NULL, grid=TRUE, ...)

# S3 method for formula boxCox(object, lambda = seq(-2, 2, 1/10), plotit = TRUE, family = "bcPower", param = c("lambda", "gamma"), gamma = NULL, grid = TRUE, ...)

# S3 method for lm boxCox(object, lambda = seq(-2, 2, 1/10), plotit = TRUE, ...)

boxCox2d(x, ksds = 4, levels = c(0.5, 0.95, 0.99, 0.999), main = "bcnPower Log-likelihood", grid=TRUE, ...)

Arguments

object

a formula or fitted model object of class lm or aov.

lambda

vector of values of \(\lambda\), with default (-2, 2) in steps of 0.1, where the profile log-likelihood will be evaluated.

plotit

logical which controls whether the result should be plotted; default TRUE.

interp

logical which controls whether spline interpolation is used. Default to TRUE if plotting with lambda of length less than 100.

eps

Tolerance for lambda = 0; defaults to 0.02.

xlab

defaults to "lambda" or "gamma".

ylab

defaults to "log-Likelihood" or for bcnPower family to the appropriate label.

family

Defaults to "bcPower" for the Box-Cox power family of transformations. If set to "yjPower" the Yeo-Johnson family, which permits negative responses, is used. If set to bcnPower the function gives the profile log-likelihood for the parameter selected via param.

param

Relevant only to family="bcnPower", produces a profile log-likelihood for the parameter selected, maximizing over the remaining parameter.

gamma

For use when the family="bcnPower", param="gamma". If this is a vector of positive values, then the profile log-likelihood for the location (or start) parameter in the bcnPower family is evaluated at these values of gamma. If gamma is NULL, then evaulation is done at 100 equally spaced points between min(.01, gmax - 3*sd) and gmax + 3*sd, where gmax is the maximimum likelihood estimate of gamma, and sd is the sd of the response. See bcnPower for the definition of gamma.

grid

If TRUE, the default, a light-gray background grid is put on the graph.

additional arguments passed to the lm method with boxCox.formula or passed to contour with boxCox2d.

x

An object created by a call to powerTransform using family="bcnPower".

ksds

Contour plotting of the log-likelihood surface will cover plus of minus ksds standard deviations on each axis.

levels

Contours will be drawn at the values of levels. For example, levels=c(.5, .99) would display two contours, at the 50% level and at the 99% level.

main

Title for the contour plot

Value

Both functions ae designed for their side effects of drawing a graph. The boxCox functin returns a list of the lambda (or possibly, gamma) vector and the computed profile log-likelihood vector, invisibly if the result is plotted. If plotit=TRUE plots log-likelihood vs lambda and indicates a 95 lambda. If interp=TRUE, spline interpolation is used to give a smoother plot.

Details

The boxCox function is an elaboration of the boxcox function in the MASS package. The first 7 arguments are the same as in boxcox, and if the argument family="bcPower" is used, the result is essentially identical to the function in MASS. Two additional families are the yjPower and bcnPower families that allow a few values of the response to be non-positive. The bcnPower family has two parameters: a power \(\lambda\) and a start or location parameter \(\gamma\), and the boxCox function can be used to obtain a profile log-likelihood for either parameter with \(\lambda\) as the default. Alternatively, the boxCox2d function can be used to get a contour plot of the profile log-likelihood.

References

Box, G. E. P. and Cox, D. R. (1964) An analysis of transformations. Journal of the Royal Statisistical Society, Series B. 26 211-46.

Cook, R. D. and Weisberg, S. (1999) Applied Regression Including Computing and Graphics. Wiley.

Fox, J. (2008) Applied Regression Analysis and Generalized Linear Models, Second Edition. Sage.

Fox, J. and Weisberg, S. (2011) An R Companion to Applied Regression, Second Edition, Sage.

Hawkins, D. and Weisberg, S. (2015) Combining the Box-Cox Power and Genralized Log Transformations to Accomodate Negative Responses, submitted for publication.

Weisberg, S. (2014) Applied Linear Regression, Fourth Edition, Wiley.

Yeo, I. and Johnson, R. (2000) A new family of power transformations to improve normality or symmetry. Biometrika, 87, 954-959.

See Also

boxcox, yjPower, bcPower, bcnPower, powerTransform, contour

Examples

Run this code
# NOT RUN {
  with(trees, boxCox(Volume ~ log(Height) + log(Girth), data = trees,
         lambda = seq(-0.25, 0.25, length = 10)))

  data("quine", package = "MASS")
  with(quine, boxCox(Days ~ Eth*Sex*Age*Lrn, data = quine,
         lambda = seq(-0.05, 0.45, len = 20), family="yjPower"))
# }

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