j
and k
(r.jk
) and between h
and m
(r.hm
) differ in magnitude. Because the significance depends on the pairwise intercorrelations between all of the variables involved (j
,
k
, h
, and m
),
these intercorrelations have to be provided as additional parameters. The function expects correlation coefficients as input.
cocor.dep.groups.nonoverlap(r.jk, r.hm, r.jh, r.jm, r.kh, r.km, n, alternative = "two.sided", test = "all", alpha = 0.05, conf.level = 0.95, null.value = 0, data.name = NULL, var.labels = NULL, return.htest = FALSE)
two.sided
"; default) or one-sided ("greater
" or "less
",
depending on the direction). Optionally,
the initial letter of the character strings ("t
", "g
", and "l
)" can be used.pearson1898
,
dunn1969
, steiger1980
, raghunathan1996
, silver2004
,
or zou2007
). Use all
to apply all tests (default). For further information see the tests section below.zou2007
is used). The default value is $.95$.zou2007
that uses a confidence interval is available.FALSE
.zou2007
is used).zou2007
is used).zou2007
is used).zou2007
is used).Pearson, K., & Filon, L. N. G. (1898). Mathematical contributions to theory of evolution: IV. On the probable errors of frequency constants and on the influence of random selection and correlation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 191, 229-311. doi:10.1098/rsta.1898.0007
Raghunathan, T. E., Rosenthal, R., & Rubin, D. B., (1996). Comparing correlated but nonoverlapping correlations. Psychological Methods, 1, 178-183. doi:10.1037//1082-989X.1.2.178
Silver, N. C., & Dunlap, W. P. (1987). Averaging correlation coefficients: Should Fisher's Z transformation be used? Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 146-148. doi:10.1037//0021-9010.72.1.146
Silver, N. C., Hittner, J. B., & May, K. (2004). Testing dependent correlations with nonoverlapping variables: A Monte Carlo simulation. Journal of Experimental Education, 73, 53-69. doi:10.3200/JEXE.71.1.53-70
Steiger, J. H. (1980). Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 245-251. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.87.2.245
Zou, G. Y. (2007). Toward using confidence intervals to compare correlations. Psychological Methods, 12, 399-413. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.12.4.399
# Compare the difference between the correlations (age, intelligence) and
# body mass (index, shoe size) measured in the same group (all values are fictional):
r.jk <- .2 # Correlation (age, intelligence)
r.hm <- .7 # Correlation (body mass index, shoe size)
r.jh <- .4 # Correlation (age, body mass index)
r.jm <- .5 # Correlation (age, shoe size)
r.kh <- .1 # Correlation (intelligence, body mass index)
r.km <- .3 # Correlation (intelligence, shoe size)
n <- 232 # Size of the group
cocor.dep.groups.nonoverlap(r.jk, r.hm, r.jh, r.jm, r.kh, r.km, n,
var.labels=c("age", "intelligence", "body mass index", "shoe size"))
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