TraMineR (version 1.8-9)

disstree: Dissimilarity Tree

Description

Tree structured discrepancy analysis of objects described by their pairwise dissimilarities.

Usage

disstree(formula, data = NULL, weights = NULL, minSize = 0.05,
         maxdepth = 5, R = 1000, pval = 0.01, object = NULL,
         weight.permutation = "replicate", squared = FALSE,
         first = NULL)

Arguments

formula

Formula with a dissimilarity matrix as left hand side and the candidate partitioning variables on the right side.

data

Data frame where variables in formula will be searched for.

weights

Optional numerical vector of weights.

minSize

Minimum number of cases in a node, will be treated as a proportion if less than 1.

maxdepth

Maximum depth of the tree

R

Number of permutations used to assess the significance of the split.

pval

Maximum allowed p-value for a split

object

An optional R object represented by the dissimilarity matrix. This object may be used by the print method or disstree2dot to render specific object type.

weight.permutation

Weight permutation method: "diss" (attach weights to the dissimilarity matrix), "replicate" (replicate cases using weights), "rounded-replicate" (replicate case using rounded weights),

squared

Logical: Should the diss dissimilarities be squared?

first

One of the variable in the right-hand side of the formula. This forces the first node of the tree to be split by this variable.

Value

• An object of class disstree that contains the following components:
• root
  A node object, root of the tree
• info
  General information such as parameters used to build the tree
• info$adjustment
  A dissassoc object providing global statistics for tree.
• formula
  The formula used to generate the tree
• data
  data used to build the tree
• weights
  weights

encoding

latin1

Details

The procedure iteratively splits the data. At each step, the procedure selects the variable and split that explain the greatest part of the discrepancy, i.e., the split for which we get the highest pseudo R2. The significance of the retained split is assessed through a permutation test. seqtree provides a simpler interface if you plan to use disstree for state sequence objects.

References

Studer, M., G. Ritschard, A. Gabadinho and N. S. M�ller (2011). Discrepancy analysis of state sequences, Sociological Methods and Research, Vol. 40(3), 471-510. Studer, M., G. Ritschard, A. Gabadinho and N. S. M�ller (2010) Discrepancy analysis of complex objects using dissimilarities. In F. Guillet, G. Ritschard, D. A. Zighed and H. Briand (Eds.), Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Management, Studies in Computational Intelligence, Volume 292, pp. 3-19. Berlin: Springer. Studer, M., G. Ritschard, A. Gabadinho and N. S. M�ller (2009) Analyse de dissimilarit�s par arbre d'induction. In EGC 2009, Revue des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information, Vol. E-15, pp. 7-18. Anderson, M. J. (2001) A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology 26, 32-46. Batagelj, V. (1988) Generalized ward and related clustering problems. In H. Bock (Ed.), Classification and related methods of data analysis, Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 67-74. Piccarreta, R. et F. C. Billari (2007) Clustering work and family trajectories by using a divisive algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society A 170(4), 1061--1078.

See Also

seqtree to generate a specific disstree objects for analyzing state sequences. seqtreedisplay to generate graphic representation of seqtree objects when analyzing state sequences. disstreedisplay is a more general interface to generate such representation for other type of objects. dissvar to compute discrepancy using dissimilarities and for a basic introduction to discrepancy analysis. dissassoc to test association between objects represented by their dissimilarities and a covariate. dissmfac to perform multi-factor analysis of variance from pairwise dissimilarities. disscenter to compute the distance of each object to its group center from pairwise dissimilarities.

Examples

data(mvad)

## Defining a state sequence object
mvad.seq <- seqdef(mvad[, 17:86])

## Computing dissimilarities (any dissimilarity measure can be used)
mvad.ham <- seqdist(mvad.seq, method="HAM")
dt <- disstree(mvad.ham~ male + Grammar + funemp + gcse5eq + fmpr + livboth,
    data=mvad, R = 10)
print(dt)


## Will only work if GraphViz is properly installed
## See seqtree for simpler way to plot a sequence tree.
disstreedisplay(dt, imagefunc=seqdplot, imagedata=mvad.seq,
	## Additional parameters passed to seqdplot
	withlegend=FALSE, axes=FALSE, ylab="")
## Second method, using a specific function
myplotfunction <- function(individuals, seqs, ...) {
	par(font.sub=2, mar=c(3,0,6,0), mgp=c(0,0,0))
	## using mds to order sequence in seqiplot
	mds <- cmdscale(seqdist(seqs[individuals,], method="HAM"),k=1)
	seqiplot(seqs[individuals,], sortv=mds,...)
	}

## If imagedata is not set, index of individuals are sent to imagefunc
disstreedisplay(dt, imagefunc=myplotfunction, title.cex=3,
	## additional parameters passed to myplotfunction
	seqs=mvad.seq,
	## additional parameters passed to seqiplot (through myplotfunction)
	withlegend=FALSE, axes=FALSE, tlim=0, space=0, ylab="", border=NA)