longitudinal (version 1.1.13)

longitudinal: Data Structure for Longitudinal Data

Description

The data type longitudinal stores multiple time series data. It allows repeated measurements, irregular sampling, and unequal temporal spacing of the time points.

as.longitudinal converts a matrix into a longitudinal object. The columns of the input matrix are considered as individual variables (time series). The rows contain the measurements in temporal order (for instance, rows 1-10 could contain 10 repeated measurements taken at time point 1, rows 11-20 further 10 measurements taken at time point 2, and so on). The dates for the time points can be specified with the argument times and need not be equally spaced. With the argument repeats it is possible to specify the number of measurements per time point (this may be different from time point to time point). In the resulting longitudinal matrix object the row names will indicate both the time points and the repetition number (e.g., "10-1", "10-2", "10-3", …, "20-1", "20-2", "20-3", etc.).

is.longitudinal checks whether a matrix has the longitudinal attributes.

The functions summary, print, plot are the standard generic functions adapted to longitudinal objects.

Usage

as.longitudinal(x, repeats=1, time)
is.longitudinal(x)
# S3 method for longitudinal
summary(object, …)
# S3 method for longitudinal
print(x, …)
# S3 method for longitudinal
plot(x, series=1, type=c("median", "mean"), autolayout=TRUE, …)

Arguments

x, object

Time series data, contained in a longitudinal object or in matrix form (as.longitudinal).

repeats

Integer, or a vector of integers, that specifies the number of available measurements per time point. If only one number is given then it is assumed the time series is regularly sampled. If instead a vector is specified, then each time point may have a different number of samples.

time

A vector with the dates for the time points. If not specified, equally spaced time points 1, 2, 3, … are assumed.

series

Number, or a vector of numbers, that indicates which time series (=variables and columns of x) are plotted.

type

Determines whether the plotted line corresponds to the mean or median value of the samples per time point (default: "median").

autolayout

determine the number of columns and rows in the plot automatically in the display of multiple time series (default: TRUE).

…

Additional optional parameters

Value

as.longitudinal returns a longitudinal object.

is.longitudinal returns TRUE or false.

See Also

longitudinal.util, tcell, ts.

Examples

# NOT RUN {
# load "longitudinal" library
library("longitudinal")

# load data set
data(tcell)
is.longitudinal(tcell.34)
attributes(tcell.34)
tcell.34[,1:3]

# how many samples and how many genes?
dim(tcell.34)
summary(tcell.34)

# plot first nine time series
plot(tcell.34, 1:9)

#####

# an artificial example with repeated measurements, irregular sampling, and unequal spacing 
m <- matrix(rnorm(200), 50, 4)
z <- as.longitudinal(m, repeats=c(10,5,5,10,20), time=c(2,8,9,15,16))
plot(z, 1:4)
# }