Benchmarking (version 0.29)

malmq: Malmquist index

Description

Estimates Malmquist indices for productivity and its decomposition beteween two periods. The units in the two periods does not have to be exactly the same, but the Malmquist index is only calculated for units present in both periods.

Usage

malmq(X0, Y0, ID0 = NULL, X1, Y1, ID1 = NULL, RTS = "vrs", ORIENTATION = "in", 
	SLACK = FALSE, DUAL = FALSE, DIRECT = NULL, param = NULL, TRANSPOSE = FALSE,
	FAST = TRUE, LP = FALSE, CONTROL = NULL, LPK = NULL)

Arguments

X0

Inputs of firms in period 0, a K0 x m matrix of observations of K0 firms with m inputs (firm x input).

Y0

Outputs of firms in period 0, a K0 x n matrix of observations of K0 firms with n outputs (firm x input).

ID0

Index for firms in period 0; could be numbers or labels. Length K0.

X1

Inputs of firms in period 1, a K1 x m matrix of observations of K1 firms with m inputs (firm x input).

Y1

Outputs of firms in period 1, a K1 x n matrix of observations of K1 firms with n outputs (firm x input).

ID1

Index for firms in period 0; could be numbers or labels. Length K0.

RTS

Returns to scale assumption as in dea.

ORIENTATION

Input efficiency "in" (1), output efficiency "out" (2), and graph efficiency "graph" (3) as in dea.

SLACK

See dea.

DUAL

See dea.

DIRECT

See dea.

param

See dea.

TRANSPOSE

See dea.

FAST

See dea.

LP

See dea.

CONTROL

See dea.

LPK

See dea.

Value

m

Malmquist index for productivity.

tc

Index for technoligy change.

ec

Index for efficiency change.

mq

Malmquist index for productivity; same as m.

id

Index for firms present in both period 0 and period 1.

id0

Index for firms in period 0 that are also in period 1.

id1

Index for firms in period 1 that are also in period 0.

e00

The efficiencies for period 0 with reference technoligy from period 0.

e10

The efficiencies for period 1 with reference technoligy from period 0.

e11

The efficiencies for period 1 with reference technoligy from period 1.

e01

The efficiencies for period 0 with reference technoligy from period 1.

Details

The index for technical changes tc is calculated as sqrt(e10/e11 * e00/e01) where e<s><t> is the efficience for period s when the refenrece technology is for period t, i.e. determined from the observations for period t and XREF=X_t, YREF=Y_t, as is the option for the function dea.

The Malmquist index for productivity mq is calculates as sqrt(e10/e00 * e11/e01) and the index for change in efficiency ec is e11/e00. Note that mq = tc * ec.

References

Peter Bogetoft and Lars Otto; Benchmarking with DEA, SFA, and R; Springer 2011

See Also

dea

Examples

# NOT RUN {
   x0 <- matrix(c(10, 28, 30, 60),ncol=1)
   y0 <- matrix(c(5, 7, 10, 15),ncol=1)
   x1 <- matrix(c(12, 26, 16, 60 ),ncol=1)
   y1 <- matrix(c(6, 8, 9, 15 ),ncol=1)

   dea.plot(x0, y0, RTS="vrs", txt=TRUE)
   dea.plot(x1, y1, RTS="vrs", add=TRUE, col="red")
   points(x1, y1, col="red", pch=16)
   text(x1, y1, 1:dim(x1)[1], col="red", adj=-1)

   m <- malmq(x0,y0,,x1,y1,,RTS="vrs")
   print("Malmquist index for change in productivity, technoligy change:")
   print(m$mq)
   print("Index for change of frontier:")
   print(m$tc)
# }