deaR (version 1.0)

malmquist_index: Malmquist index

Description

This function calculates the conventional input/output oriented Malmquist index under constant and variables returns-to-scale.

Usage

malmquist_index(datadealist,
                       dmu_eval = NULL,
                       dmu_ref = NULL,
                       orientation = c("io", "oo"))

Arguments

datadealist

A list with the data at different times, including DMUs, inputs and outputs.

dmu_eval

A numeric vector containing which DMUs have to be evaluated.

dmu_ref

A numeric vector containing which DMUs are the evaluation reference set.

orientation

A string, equal to "io" (input oriented) or "oo" (output oriented).

Value

A numeric list with Malmquist index and efficiencies.

References

Caves, D.W.; Christensen, L. R. y Diewert, W.E. (1982). <U+201C>The Economic Theory of Index Numbers and the Measurement of Input, Output, and Productivity<U+201D>. Econometrica, 50(6), 1393-1414.

F<U+00E4>re, R.; Grosskopf, S.; Lindgren, B.; Roos, P. (1989). <U+201C>Productivity Developments in Swedish Hospitals: A Malmquist Output Index Approach<U+201D>. Discussion paper n<U+00BA> 89-3. Southern Illinois University. Illinois.

F<U+00E4>re, R.; Grosskopf, S.; Lindgren, B.; Roos, P. (1992). <U+201C>Productivity changes in Swedish Pharmacies 1980-89: A nonparametric Malmquist Approach<U+201D>. Journal of productivity Analysis, 3(3), 85-101.

F<U+00E4>re, R.; Grosskopf, S.; Norris, M. y Zhang, Z. (1994). <U+201C>Productivity Growth, Technical Progress, and Efficiency Change in Industrialized Countries<U+201D>. American Economic Review, 84(1), 66-83.

Examples

# NOT RUN {
# Example 1. With dataset in wide format.
# Replication of results in Wang and Lan (2011, p. 2768)
data("Economy")
data_example <- read_malmquist(datadea = Economy,
                               nper = 5, 
                               arrangement = "horizontal",
                               ni = 2, 
                               no = 1)
result <- malmquist_index(data_example, orientation = "io")
mi <- result$mi
effch <- result$ec
tech <- result$tc

# Example 2. With dataset in long format.
# Replication of results in Wang and Lan (2011, p. 2768)
data("EconomyLong")
data_example2 <- read_malmquist(EconomyLong,
                                percol = 2, 
                                arrangement = "vertical",
                                inputs = 3:4, 
                                outputs = 5)
result2 <- malmquist_index(data_example2, orientation = "io")
mi2 <- result2$mi
effch2 <- result2$ec
tech2 <- result2$tc

# }