Function mantel finds the Mantel statistic as a matrix
correlation between two dissimilarity matrices, and function
mantel.partial finds the partial Mantel statistic as the
partial matrix correlation between three dissimilarity matrices. The
significance of the statistic is evaluated by permuting rows and
columns of the first dissimilarity matrix. Test is one-sided and only
tests that distances are positively correlated.
mantel(xdis, ydis, method="pearson", permutations=999, strata = NULL,
na.rm = FALSE, parallel = getOption("mc.cores"))
mantel.partial(xdis, ydis, zdis, method = "pearson", permutations = 999,
strata = NULL, na.rm = FALSE, parallel = getOption("mc.cores"))
# S3 method for mantel
summary(object, ...)The function returns a list of class mantel with following
components:
Function call.
Correlation method used, as returned by
cor.test.
The Mantel statistic.
Empirical significance level from permutations.
A vector of permuted values. The distribution of
permuted values can be inspected with permustats
function.
Number of permutations.
A list of control values for the permutations
as returned by the function how.
Distance object of class "dist" or
symmetric square matrices of distances. Only the lower triangle of
square matrices is used. The first object xdis will be
permuted in permutation tests.
Correlation method, as accepted by cor:
"pearson", "spearman" or "kendall".
a list of control values for the permutations
as returned by the function how, or the
number of permutations required, or a permutation matrix where each
row gives the permuted indices.
An integer vector or factor specifying the strata for permutation. If supplied, observations are permuted only within the specified strata.
Remove missing values in calculation of Mantel correlation. Use this option with care: Permutation tests can be biased, in particular if two matrices had missing values in matching positions.
Number of parallel processes or a predefined socket
cluster. With parallel = 1 uses ordinary, non-parallel
processing. The parallel processing is done with parallel
package.
Result object.
Arguments passed to summary.permustats
These include alternative to select the sidedness of the
test.
Jari Oksanen
Mantel statistic is simply a correlation between entries of two
dissimilarity matrices (some use cross products, but these are
linearly related). However, the significance cannot be directly
assessed, because there are \(N(N-1)/2\) entries for just \(N\)
observations. Mantel developed asymptotic test, but here we use
permutations of \(N\) rows and columns of dissimilarity
matrix. Only the first matrix (xdist) will be permuted, and
the second is kept constant. See permutations for
additional details on permutation tests in Vegan.
Partial Mantel statistic uses partial correlation
conditioned on the third matrix. Only the first matrix is permuted so
that the correlation structure between second and first matrices is
kept constant. Although mantel.partial silently accepts other
methods than "pearson", partial correlations will probably be
wrong with other methods.
Borcard & Legendre (2012) warn against using partial Mantel test and
recommend instead Mantel correlogram
(mantel.correlog).
The function uses cor, which should accept
alternatives pearson for product moment correlations and
spearman or kendall for rank correlations.
Borcard, D. & Legendre, P. (2012) Is the Mantel correlogram powerful enough to be useful in ecological analysis? A simulation study. Ecology 93: 1473-1481.
Legendre, P. and Legendre, L. (2012) Numerical Ecology. 3rd English Edition. Elsevier.
mantel.correlog.
## Is vegetation related to environment?
data(varespec)
data(varechem)
veg.dist <- vegdist(varespec) # Bray-Curtis
env.dist <- vegdist(scale(varechem), "euclid")
mantel(veg.dist, env.dist)
mantel(veg.dist, env.dist, method="spear")
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