distr (version 2.7.0)

operators-methods: Methods for operators +,-,*,/,... in Package distr

Description

Arithmetics and unary mathematical transformations for distributions

Arguments

e1,e2

objects of class "UnivariateDistribution" (or subclasses) or "numeric"

Methods

-

signature(e1 = "UnivariateDistribution", e2 = "missing") unary operator; result again of class "UnivariateDistribution"; exact

-

signature(e1 = "Norm", e2 = "missing") unary operator; result again of "Norm"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "UnivariateDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result again of class "UnivariateDistribution"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "AbscontDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result of class "AffLinAbscontDistribution"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "DiscreteDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result of class "AffLinDiscreteDistribution"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "LatticeDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result of class "AffLinLatticeDistribution"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "UnivarLebDecDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result of class "AffLinUnivarLebDecDistribution"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "CompoundDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result of class "AffLinUnivarLebDecDistribution"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "AffLinAbscontDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result again of class "AffLinAbscontDistribution"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "AffLinDiscreteDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result again of class "AffLinDiscreteDistribution"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "AffLinLatticeDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result again of class "AffLinLatticeDistribution"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "AffLinUnivarLebDecDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result of class "AffLinUnivarLebDecDistribution"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "Cauchy", e2 = "numeric") result again of class "Cauchy"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "Dirac", e2 = "numeric") result again of class "Dirac"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "Norm", e2 = "numeric") result again of class "Norm"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "Unif", e2 = "numeric") result again of class "Unif"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "Logis", e2 = "numeric") result again of class "Logis"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "numeric", e2 = "UnivariateDistribution") is translated to signature(e1 = "UnivariateDistribution", e2 = "numeric"); exact

-

signature(e1 = "UnivariateDistribution", e2= "ANY");exact

-

signature(e1 = "UnivariateDistribution", e2 = "numeric") is translated to e1 + (-e2); exact

-

signature(e1 = "numeric", e2 = "UnivariateDistribution") is translated to (-e1) + e2; exact

-

signature(e1 = "numeric", e2 = "Beta") if ncp(e2)==0 and e1 == 1, an exact (central) Beta(shape1 = shape2(e2), shape2 = shape1(e2)) is returned, else the default method is used; exact

*

signature(e1 = "UnivariateDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result again of class "UnivariateDistribution"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "AbscontDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result of class "AffLinAbscontDistribution"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "DiscreteDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result of class "AffLinDiscreteDistribution"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "LatticeDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result of class "AffLinLatticeDistribution"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "UnivarLebDecDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result of class "AffLinUnivarLebDecDistribution"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "CompoundDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result of class "AffLinUnivarLebDecDistribution"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "AffLinAbscontDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result again of class "AffLinAbscontDistribution"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "AffLinDiscreteDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result again of class "AffLinDiscreteDistribution"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "AffLinLatticeDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result again of class "AffLinLatticeDistribution"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "AffLinUnivarLebDecDistribution", e2 = "numeric") result of class "AffLinUnivarLebDecDistribution"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "DExp", e2 = "numeric") if abs(e2)>0 result again of class "DExp"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "Exp", e2 = "numeric") if e2>0 result again of class "Exp"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "ExpOrGammaOrChisq", e2 = "numeric") if e1 is a Gamma distribution and e2>0 result of class "Gammad"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "Weibull", e2 = "numeric") if e2>0 result of class "Weibull"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "Cauchy", e2 = "numeric") if abs(e2)>0 result again of class "Cauchy"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "Dirac", e2 = "numeric") result again of class "Dirac"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "Norm", e2 = "numeric") if abs(e2)>0 result again of class "Norm"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "Unif", e2 = "numeric") if abs(e2)>0 result again of class "Unif"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "Logis", e2 = "numeric") if e2>0 result again of class "Logis"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "Lnorm", e2 = "numeric") if e2>0 result again of class "Lnorm"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "numeric", e2 = "UnivariateDistribution") is translated to signature(e1 = "UnivariateDistribution", e2 = "numeric"); exact

/

signature(e1 = "UnivariateDistribution", e2 = "numeric") is translated to e1 * (1/e2); exact

+

signature(e1 = "UnivariateDistribution", e2 = "UnivariateDistribution") result again of class "UnivariateDistribution"; is generated by simulations

-

signature(e1 = "UnivariateDistribution", e2 = "UnivariateDistribution") is translated to (-e1) + (-e2); result again of class "UnivariateDistribution"; is generated by simulations

-

signature(e1 = "AcDcLcDistribution", e2 = "AcDcLcDistribution"): both operands are coerced to class "UnivarLebDecDistribution" and the corresponding method is used.

+

signature(e1 = "AbscontDistribution", e2 = "AbscontDistribution") assumes e1, e2 independent; result again of class "AbscontDistribution"; is generated by FFT

+

signature(e1 = "AbscontDistribution", e2 = "DiscreteDistribution") assumes e1, e2 independent; result again of class "AbscontDistribution"; is generated by FFT

+

signature(e1 = "DiscreteDistribution", e2 = "AbscontDistribution") assumes e1, e2 independent; result again of class "AbscontDistribution"; is generated by FFT

+

signature(e1 = "LatticeDistribution", e2 = "LatticeDistribution") assumes e1, e2 independent; if the larger lattice-width is an integer multiple of the smaller(in abs. value) one: result again of class "LatticeDistribution"; is generated by D/FFT

+

signature(e1 = "DiscreteDistribution", e2 = "DiscreteDistribution") assumes e1, e2 independent; result again of class "DiscreteDistribution"; is generated by explicite convolution

+

signature(e1 = "LatticeDistribution", e2 = "DiscreteDistribution") assumes e1, e2 independent; result again of class "DiscreteDistribution"; is generated by explicite convolution

+

signature(e1 = "UnivarLebDecDistribution", e2 = "UnivarLebDecDistribution") assumes e1, e2 independent; result again of class "UnivarLebDecDistribution"; is generated by separate explicite convolution of a.c. and discrete parts of e1 and e2 and subsequent flattening with flat.LCD; if getdistrOption("withSimplify") is TRUE, result is piped through a call to simplifyD

+

signature(e1 = "AcDcLcDistribution", e2 = "AcDcLcDistribution"): both operands are coerced to class "UnivarLebDecDistribution" and the corresponding method is used.

+

signature(e1 = "Binom", e2 = "Binom") assumes e1, e2 independent; if prob(e1)==prob(e2), result again of class "Binom"; uses the convolution formula for binomial distributions; exact

+

signature(e1 = "Cauchy", e2 = "Cauchy") assumes e1, e2 independent; result again of class "Cauchy"; uses the convolution formula for Cauchy distributions; exact

+

signature(e1 = "Chisq", e2 = "Chisq") assumes e1, e2 independent; result again of class "Chisq"; uses the convolution formula for Chisq distributions; exact

+

signature(e1 = "Dirac", e2 = "Dirac") result again of class "Dirac"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "ExpOrGammaOrChisq", e2 = "ExpOrGammaOrChisq") assumes e1, e2 independent; if e1, e2 are Gamma distributions, result is of class "Gammad"; uses the convolution formula for Gamma distributions; exact

+

signature(e1 = "Pois", e2 = "Pois") assumes e1, e2 independent; result again of class "Pois"; uses the convolution formula for Poisson distributions; exact

+

signature(e1 = "Nbinom", e2 = "Nbinom") assumes e1, e2 independent; if prob(e1)==prob(e2), result again of class "Nbinom"; uses the convolution formula for negative binomial distributions; exact

+

signature(e1 = "Norm", e2 = "Norm") assumes e1, e2 independent; result again of class "Norm"; uses the convolution formula for normal distributions; exact

+

signature(e1 = "UnivariateDistribution", e2 = "Dirac") translated to e1 + location(e2); result again of class "Dirac"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "Dirac", e2 = "UnivariateDistribution") translated to e2 + location(e1); result again of class "Dirac"; exact

+

signature(e1 = "Dirac", e2 = "DiscreteDistribution") translated to e2 + location(e1); result again of class "Dirac"; exact

-

signature(e1 = "Dirac", e2 = "Dirac") result again of class "Dirac"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "Dirac", e2 = "Dirac") result again of class "Dirac"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "UnivariateDistribution", e2 = "Dirac") translated to e1 * location(e2); result again of class "Dirac"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "Dirac", e2 = "UnivariateDistribution") translated to e2 * location(e1); result again of class "Dirac"; exact

*

signature(e1 = "AcDcLcDistribution", e2 = "AcDcLcDistribution"): by means of decomposePM e1 and e2 are decomposed into positive and negative parts; of these, convolutions of the corresponding logarithms are computed separately and finally exp is applied to them, again separately; the resulting mixing components are then ``flattened'' to one object of class UnivarLebDecDistribution by flat.LCD which according to getdistrOption(withSimplify) gets piped through a call to simplifyD.

/

signature(e1 = "Dirac", e2 = "Dirac") result again of class "Dirac"; exact

/

signature(e1 = "numeric", e2 = "Dirac") result again of class "Dirac"; exact

/

signature(e1 = "numeric", e2 = "AcDcLcDistribution"): if d.discrete(e2)(0)*discreteWeight(e2)>0 throws an error (would give division by 0 with positive probability); else by means of decomposePM e2 is decomposed into positive and negative parts; then, similarly the result obtains as for "*"(signature(e1 = "AcDcLcDistribution", e2 = "AcDcLcDistribution")) by the exp-log trick and is ``flattened'' to one object of class UnivarLebDecDistribution by flat.LCD and according to getdistrOption(withSimplify) is piped through a call to simplifyD; exact..

/

signature(e1 = "AcDcLcDistribution", e2 = "AcDcLcDistribution"): translated to e1 * (1/e2).

^

signature(e1 = "AcDcLcDistribution", e2 = "Integer"): if e2=0 returns Dirac(1); if e2=1 returns e1; if e2<0 translated to (1/e1)^(-e2); exact.

^

signature(e1 = "AcDcLcDistribution", e2 = "numeric"): if e2 is integer uses preceding item; else if e1< 0 with positive probability, throughs an error; else the result obtains similarly to "*"(signature(e1 = "AcDcLcDistribution", e2 = "AcDcLcDistribution")) by the exp-log trick and is ``flattened'' to one object of class UnivarLebDecDistribution by flat.LCD and according to getdistrOption(withSimplify) is piped through a call to simplifyD; exact.

^

signature(e1 = "AcDcLcDistribution", e2 = "AcDcLcDistribution"): if e1 is negative with positive probability, throws an error if e2 is non-integer with positive probability; if e1 is 0 with positive probability throws an error if e2 is non-integer with positive probability. if e2 is integer with probability 1 uses DiscreteDistribution(supp=e1^(Dirac(x)) for each x in support(e2), builds up a corresponding mixing distribution; the latter is ``flattened'' to one object of class UnivarLebDecDistribution by flat.LCD and according to getdistrOption(withSimplify) is piped through a call to simplifyD. Else the result obtains similarly to "*"(signature(e1 = "AcDcLcDistribution", e2 = "AcDcLcDistribution")) by the exp-log trick and is ``flattened'' to one object of class UnivarLebDecDistribution by flat.LCD and according to getdistrOption(withSimplify) is piped through a call to simplifyD; exact.

^

signature(e1 = "numeric", e2 = "AcDcLcDistribution"): if e1 is negative, throws an error if e2 is non-integer with positive probability; if e1 is 0 throws an error if e2 is non-integer with positive probability. if e2 is integer with probability 1 uses DiscreteDistribution(supp=e1^support(e2), prob=discrete.d(supp)) else the result obtains similarly to "*"(signature(e1 = "AcDcLcDistribution", e2 = "AcDcLcDistribution")) by the exp-log trick and is ``flattened'' to one object of class UnivarLebDecDistribution by flat.LCD and according to getdistrOption(withSimplify) is piped through a call to simplifyD; exact.

Details

Arithmetics as well as all functions from group Math, see Math are provided for distributions; wherever possible exact expressions are used; else random variables are generated according to this transformation and subsequently the remaining slots filled by RtoDPQ, RtoDPQ.d

References

Ruckdeschel, P., Kohl, M.(2014): General purpose convolution algorithm for distributions in S4-Classes by means of FFT. J. Statist. Softw. 59(4): 1-25.

See Also

UnivariateDistribution-class AbscontDistribution-class DiscreteDistribution-class LatticeDistribution-class Norm-class Binom-class Pois-class Dirac-class Cauchy-class Gammad-class Logis-class Lnorm-class Exp-class Weibull-class Nbinom-class

Examples

Run this code
# NOT RUN {
N <- Norm(0,3)
P <- Pois(4)
a <- 3
N + a
N + P
N - a
a * N
a * P
N / a + sin( a * P - N)
N * P
N / N
# }
# NOT RUN {
## takes a little time
N ^ P
# }
# NOT RUN {
1.2 ^ N
abs(N) ^ 1.3
# }

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