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terra (version 1.8-54)

Spatial Data Analysis

Description

Methods for spatial data analysis with vector (points, lines, polygons) and raster (grid) data. Methods for vector data include geometric operations such as intersect and buffer. Raster methods include local, focal, global, zonal and geometric operations. The predict and interpolate methods facilitate the use of regression type (interpolation, machine learning) models for spatial prediction, including with satellite remote sensing data. Processing of very large files is supported. See the manual and tutorials on to get started. 'terra' replaces the 'raster' package ('terra' can do more, and it is faster and easier to use).

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Version

Install

install.packages('terra')

Monthly Downloads

229,584

Version

1.8-54

License

GPL (>= 3)

Homepage

https://rspatial.org/

Maintainer

Robert Hijmans

Last Published

June 1st, 2025

Functions in terra (1.8-54)

Set the NA flag

Add (in place) a SpatRaster to another SpatRaster or to a SpatRasterDataset or SpatRasterCollection

Number of immediate adjacent cells flowing into each cell

Adjacent cells or polygons

Active category

Estimate values for cell values that are NA by interpolating between layers

Create a text representation of (the skeleton of) an object

Compare two SpatRasters for equality

SpatVector-class

Class "SpatVector"

SpatRaster-class

SpatRaster class

Align a SpatExtent

autocorrelation

Spatial autocorrelation

SpatRaster or SpatVector to data.frame

Aggregate raster or vector data

Two argument arc-tangent

Apply a function to the cells of a SpatRaster

Coerce to a "raster" object

Detect boundaries (edges)

Conversion to a SpatVector of points

Conversion to a SpatVector of polygons

Animate a SpatRaster

Bar plot of a SpatRaster

Area covered by each raster cell

Combine SpatRaster or SpatVector objects

Conversion to a SpatVector of lines

Create a buffer around vector geometries or raster patches

Get cell numbers

Box plot of SpatRaster data

Coerce a Spat* object to a list

Query by clicking on a map

Factors to numeric

Combine geometries

Compare-methods

Compare and logical methods

Compare geometries

tighten SpatRaster or SpatRasterDataset objects

Concatenate categorical rasters

clamp time series data

Get or set a coordinate reference system

Get the coordinates of SpatVector geometries or SpatRaster cells

Classify (or reclassify) cell values

Coercion to vector, matrix or array

Cut out a geographic subset

Replace values with values from another object

Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects

Data type of a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Lagged differences

Convex, concave, rectangular and circular hulls

Add additional nodes to lines or polygons

Disaggregate raster cells or vector geometries

Draw a polygon, line, extent, or points

deprecated methods

Erase parts of a SpatVector object

depth of SpatRaster layers

Extract values from a SpatRaster

extract values along lines

Extract values for a range of layers from a SpatRaster

Categorical rasters

Geographic distance

Create, get or set a SpatExtent

Three-dimensional focal values

Get the expanse (area) of individual polygons or for all (summed) raster cells

force counter-clockwise polygons

Compute focal values with an iterating C++ function

Focal weights matrix

Focal function across two layers

Focal regression

Add halo-ed text to a plot

Frequency table

Get focal values

Distance on a grid

Subdivide a raster or polygons

global statistics

flowAccumulation

Flow accumulation

Remove holes from polygons

head and tail of a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Make a dot-density map

GDAL version, supported file formats, and cache size

Geometry type of a SpatVector

Flip or reverse a raster

Find gaps between polygons

Fill time gaps in a SpatRaster

Check if a SpatExtent or SpatVector is empty

Compare two SpatRasters for equality

Create a graticule

add a grid to a map made with terra

Check for longitude/latitude crs

Get the geometry (coordinates) of a SpatVector

Is a SpatRaster is flipped

Nearest neighbor interpolation

Impose the geometry of a SpatRaster to those in a SpatRasterCollection.

Interpolate points using a moving window

SpatRaster image method

Make an inset map

Check for rotation

Spatial interpolation

Linear units of the coordinate reference system

add a custom legend

Make a VRT header file

Add points, lines, or polygons to a map

Make tiles or get their extents

Raster value types

ifelse for SpatRasters

Initialize a SpatRaster with values

Change values in-place

merge SpatRasters by timelines to create a single timeseries

Get the coordinates of the extent of a map

Memory available and needed

nearby geometries

Check or fix polygon or extent validity

Merge SpatRasters, or merge a SpatVector with a data.frame

Apply a function to layers of a SpatRaster, or sub-datasets of a SpatRasterDataset

Mask values in a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Correlation and (weighted) covariance

Set or get metadata

Pairs plot (matrix of scatterplots)

mosaic SpatRasters

normalize.longitude

normalize vector data that crosses the dateline

Number of segments

color palettes for mapping

Get or compute the minimum and maximum cell values

Detect patches (clumps) of cells

Perimeter or length

Find and remove geometries that are NA

General mathematical methods

Value matching for SpatRasters

Plot with leaflet

SpatRaster PCA with prcomp

Plot a graticule

Red-Green-Blue plot of a multi-layered SpatRaster

Plot a SpatExtent

SpatRaster PCA with princomp

Spatial model predictions

Rasterize vector data

Change the coordinate reference system

Rasterize points with a moving window

Read from, or write to, file

Quantiles of spatial data

Rasterize geometric properties of vector data

Names of Spat* objects

Combine row, column, and layer numbers

Rectify a SpatRaster

Replace layers or variables

Perspective plot

Create a SpatRaster

Pit Finder in a Flow Dir SpatRaster for Watershed Extraction

row/col sums and means for SpatRaster

Scale values linearly

Replace values of a SpatRaster

Rotate data along longitude

Fill layers with a range

Compare coordinate reference systems

Rolling (moving) functions

Scale (gain) and offset

Cell level regression

Replicate layers

select cells with high or low values

Select the values of a range of layers, as specified by cell values in another SpatRaster

Query a SpatVectorProxy object

Create a SpatRasterDataset

Scatterplot of two SpatRaster layers

Spatial selection

simplifyGeom geometries

Data sources of a SpatRaster

spin a SpatVector

Replace with $<-

Extract values from a SpatRaster, SpatVector or SpatExtent

Take a regular sample

Transfer values of a SpatRaster to another one with a different geometry

Set the values of raster cells or of geometry attributes

Split a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Spatial relationships between geometries

Apply a terra function that takes only a single layer and returns a SpatRaster to all layers of a SpatRaster

Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector

Sort a SpatRaster or SpatVector

saveRDS and serialize for SpatVector and SpatRaster*

Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector

replace cell values

terrain characteristics

Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector

Add labels to a map

Create a SpatRasterCollection

Symmetrical difference

Read all cell values into memory

Description of the methods in the terra package

Apply a function to subsets of layers of a SpatRaster

Temporary files

Create a SpatVectorCollection

Compute surface area from elevation data

time of SpatRaster layers

Trim a SpatRaster

Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangles

Union SpatVector or SpatExtent objects

Vector topology methods

Virtual Raster Dataset

SpatRaster wrap with caching options

filenames of VRT tiles

Change values in a file

variable and long variable names

Which cells are TRUE?

Create SpatVector objects

units of SpatRaster or SpatRasterDataSet

Catchment delineation

SpatVector geometric properties

Write raster data to a file

Zoom in on a map

Zonal statistics

Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa

Weighted mean of layers

Write SpatVector data to a file

List or remove layers from a vector file

Compute a viewshed

Write raster data to a NetCDF file

Cell values and geometry attributes

Where are the cells with the min or max values?

Apply a function to the cells of two SpatRasters

wrap and unwrap

Get or set single values of an extent

SpatExtent-class

Class "SpatExtent"

Layers representing colors