Plot the values of a SpatRaster or SpatVector to make a map.
See points, lines or polys to add a SpatVector to an existing map (or use argument add=TRUE).
There is a separate help file for plotting a SpatGraticule or SpatExtent.
# S4 method for SpatRaster,numeric
plot(x, y=1, col, type=NULL, mar=NULL, legend=TRUE, axes=!add, plg=list(), pax=list(),
maxcell=500000, smooth=FALSE, range=NULL, fill_range=FALSE, levels=NULL,
all_levels=FALSE, breaks=NULL, breakby="eqint", fun=NULL, colNA=NULL,
alpha=NULL, sort=FALSE, reverse=FALSE, grid=FALSE, ext=NULL, reset=FALSE,
add=FALSE, buffer=FALSE, background=NULL, box=axes, clip=TRUE, overview=NULL, ...)# S4 method for SpatRaster,missing
plot(x, y, main, mar=NULL, nc, nr, maxnl=16, maxcell=500000, add=FALSE,
plg=list(), pax=list(), ...)
# S4 method for SpatRaster,character
plot(x, y, ...)
# S4 method for SpatVector,character
plot(x, y, col=NULL, type=NULL, mar=NULL, add=FALSE, legend=TRUE, axes=!add,
main="", buffer=TRUE, background=NULL, grid=FALSE, ext=NULL, sort=TRUE,
reverse=FALSE, fun=NULL, plg=list(), pax=list(), nr, nc, colNA=NA, alpha=NULL,
box=axes, clip=TRUE, ...)
# S4 method for SpatVector,numeric
plot(x, y, ...)
# S4 method for SpatVector,missing
plot(x, y, values=NULL, ...)
# S4 method for SpatVectorCollection,missing
plot(x, y, main, mar=NULL, nc, nr, maxnl=16, ...)
# S4 method for SpatVectorCollection,numeric
plot(x, y, main, mar=NULL, ext=NULL, ...)
SpatRaster or SpatVector
missing or positive integer or name indicating the layer(s) to be plotted
character vector to specify the colors to use. The default is map.pal("viridis", 100). The default can be changed with the terra.pal option. For example: options(terra.pal=terrain.colors(10)). If x is a SpatRaster, it can also be a data.frame with two columns (value, color) to get a "classes" type legend or with three columns (from, to, color) to get an "interval" type legend
character. Type of map/legend. One of "continuous", "classes", or "interval". If not specified, the type is chosen based on the data
numeric vector of length 4 to set the margins of the plot (to make space for the legend). The default is (3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 7.1) for a single plot with a legend and (3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1) otherwise. The default for a RGB raster is 0. Use mar=NA to not set the margins
logical or character. If not FALSE a legend is drawn. The character value can be used to indicate where the legend is to be drawn. For example "topright" or "bottomleft". Use plg for more refined placement. Not supported for continuous legends (the default for raster data)
logical. Draw axes?
logical. If TRUE the plotting area is made slightly larger than the extent of x
background color. Default is no color (white)
logical. Should a box be drawn around the map?
logical. Should the axes be clipped to the extent of x?
logical. Should "overviews" be used for fast rendering? This can result in much faster plotting of raster files that have overviews (e.g. "COG" format) and are accessed over a http connection. However, these overviews generally show aggregate values, thus reducing the range of the actual values. If NULL, the argument is set to TRUE for rasters that are accessed over http and FALSE in other cases
list with parameters for drawing the legend. See the arguments for legend.
In addition there are these parameters for the legend title: title.srt to rotate the title and title.x and title.y to place the title at specific coordinates. Parameter digits can be used to change the number of digits to print after the decimal point.
A legend can be placed with placed by specifying arguments x and y. For a continuous legend y can have two values. x can also be a SpatExtent. Furthermore, x can have be a keyword such "topleft" and "bottomright" to place the legend at these locations inside the map rectangle. For a continuous legend, only the placement keywords "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "topright", "bottomright" are recognized; and when using these keywords, the legend is placed outside of the map rectangle. The placement of the legend can be altered with argument nudge that move the location in the directions specified with one value (x direction) or two values (x, y). For a continuous legend it can also have four values (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax).
Additional parameters for continuous legends include:
size to change the height and/or width; the defaults are c(1,1)
at to set the location of the tic-marks
tic One of these partially matched values: "through", "in", "middle", "out", or "none", to choose a tic-mark placement/length that is different from the default "throughout". You can also set tic.col, tic.box.col and tic.lwd
list with parameters for drawing axes. See the arguments for axis. Arguments side, tick and lab can be used to indicate for which of the four axes to draw a line (side), tick-mark, and/or the tick-mark labels. The default is c(1:4) for side and 1:2 for the other two. If side is changed the other two default to that value. Logical argument retro can be used to use a sexagesimal notation for the labels (degrees/minutes/hemisphere) instead of the standard decimal notation
positive integer. Maximum number of cells to use for the plot
logical. If TRUE the cell values are smoothed (only if a continuous legend is used)
numeric. minimum and maximum values to be used for the continuous legend. You can use NA for one of these to only set the minimum or maximum value
logical. If TRUE, values outside of range get the colors of the extreme values; otherwise they get colored as NA
character. labels for the legend when type="classes"
logical. If TRUE, the legend shows all levels of a categorical raster, even if they are not present in the data
numeric. Either a single number to indicate the number of breaks desired, or the actual breaks. When providing this argument, the default legend becomes "interval"
character or function. Either "eqint" for equal interval breaks, "cases" for equal quantile breaks. If a function is supplied, it should take a single argument (a vector of values) and create groups
function to be called after plotting each SpatRaster layer to add something to each map (such as text, legend, lines). For example, with SpatVector v, you could do fun=function() lines(v). The function may have one argument, representing the layer that is plotted (1 to the number of layers)
character. color for the NA values
Either a single numeric between 0 and 1 to set the transparency for all colors (0 is transparent, 1 is opaque) or a SpatRaster with values between 0 and 1 to set the transparency by cell. To set the transparency for a given color, set it to the colors directly
logical. If TRUE legends with categorical values are sorted. If x is a SpatVector you can also supply a vector of the unique values, in the order in which you want them to appear in the legend
logical. If TRUE, the legend order is reversed
logical. If TRUE grid lines are drawn. Their properties such as type and color can be set with the pax argument
positive integer. Optional. The number of columns to divide the plotting device in (when plotting multiple layers)
positive integer. Optional. The number of rows to divide the plotting device in (when plotting multiple layers)
character. Main plot titles (one for each layer to be plotted). You can use arguments cex.main, font.main, col.main to change the appearance; and loc.main to change the location of the main title (either two coordinates, or a character value such as "topleft"). You can also use sub="" for a subtitle. See title
positive integer. Maximum number of layers to plot (for a multi-layer object).
logical. If TRUE add the object to the current plot
SpatExtent. Can be use instead of xlim and ylim to set the extent of the plot
logical. If TRUE add the margins (see argument mar) are reset to what they were before calling plot; doing so may affect the display of additional objects that are added to the map (e.g. with lines)
Either a vector with values to be used for plotting or a two-column data.frame, where the first column matches a variable in x and the second column has the values to be plotted
arguments passed to plot("SpatRaster", "numeric") and additional graphical arguments
## SpatRaster
f <- system.file("ex/elev.tif", package="terra")
r <- rast(f)
plot(r)
plot(r, type="interval")
plot(r, plg=list(x=6.35, y = c(49.9, 50.1), title="Legend\nTitle", title.cex=0.9),
pax=list(side=1:4, retro=FALSE))
north(cbind(5.8, 50.1))
d <- classify(r, c(100,200,300,400,500,600))
plot(d)
plot(d, type="interval", breaks=1:5)
plot(d, type="interval", breaks=c(1,4,5), plg=list(legend=c("1-4", "4-5")))
plot(d, type="classes", xlim=c(5.6, 6.6),
plg=list(legend=c("Mr", "Xx", "As", "Zx", "Bb"), x="bottomleft"))
x <- trunc(r/200)
levels(x) <- data.frame(id=0:2, element=c("earth", "wind", "fire"))
plot(x, plg=list(x="topright"),mar=c(2,2,2,2))
oldpar <- par(no.readonly=TRUE)
# two plots with the same legend
dev.new(width=6, height=4, noRStudioGD = TRUE)
par(mfrow=c(1,2))
plot(r, range=c(50,600), mar=c(1,1,1,4))
plot(r/2, range=c(50,600), mar=c(1,1,1,4))
# as we only need one legend (also see the "panel" method):
par(mfrow=c(1,2))
plot(r, range=c(50,600), mar=c(2, 2, 2, 2), plg=list(size=0.9, cex=.8),
pax=list(side=1:2, cex.axis=.6), box=FALSE)
#text(182500, 335000, "Two maps, one plot", xpd=NA)
plot(r/2, range=c(50,600), mar=c(2, 2, 2, 2), legend=FALSE,
pax=list(side=c(1,4), cex.axis=.6), box=FALSE)
par(oldpar)
# multi-layer with RGB
s <- rast(system.file("ex/logo.tif", package="terra"))
s
plot(s)
# remove RGB
plot(s*1)
# or use layers
plot(s, 1)
plot(s, 1:3)
# fix legend by linking values and colors
x = rast(nrows = 2, ncols = 2, vals=1)
y = rast(nrows = 2, ncols = 2, vals=c(1,2,2,1))
cols = data.frame(id=1:2, col=c("red", "blue"))
plot(c(x,y), col=cols)
r = rast(nrows=10, ncols=10, vals=1:100)
dr = data.frame(from=c(5,33,66,150), to=c(33, 66, 95,200), col=rainbow(4))
plot(r, col=dr)
### SpatVector
f <- system.file("ex/lux.shp", package="terra")
v <- vect(f)
plot(v)
plot(v, "NAME_2", col=rainbow(12), border=c("gray", "blue"), lwd=3)
plot(v, 2, pax=list(side=1:2), plg=list(x=6.16, y=50.17, cex=.8), xlim=c(5.7, 6.7))
plot(v, 4, pax=list(side=1:2), plg=list(x=6.2, y=50.2, ncol=2), main="", box=FALSE)
plot(v, 1, plg=list(x=5.8, y=49.37, horiz=TRUE, cex=1.1), main="", mar=c(5,2,0.5,0.5))
plot(v, density=1:12, angle=seq(18, 360, 20), col=rainbow(12))
plot(v, "AREA", type="interval", breaks=3, mar=c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 3.1),
plg=list(x="topright"), main="")
plot(v, "AREA", type="interval", breaks=c(0,200,250,350),
mar=c(2,2,2,2), xlim=c(5.7, 6.75),
plg=list(legend=c("<200", "200-250", ">250"), cex=1, bty="o",
x=6.3, y=50.15, box.lwd=2, bg="light yellow", title="My legend"))
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