form
argument gives considerable flexibility in the type of
plot specification. A conditioning expression (on the right side of a
|
operator) always implies that different panels are used for
each level of the conditioning factor, according to a Trellis
display.# S3 method for lme
qqnorm(y, form, abline, id, idLabels, grid, …)
y
can be referenced. In addition, y
itself
can be referenced in the formula using the symbol
"."
. Conditional expressions on the right of a |
operator can be used to define separate panels in a Trellis
display. The expression on the right hand side of form
and to
the left of a |
operator must evaluate to a residuals vector,
or a random effects matrix. Default is ~ resid(., type = "p")
,
corresponding to a normal plot of the standardized residuals
evaluated at the innermost level of nesting.idLabels
. If given as a one-sided
formula, its right hand side must evaluate to a logical, integer, or
character vector which is used to identify observations in the
plot. If missing, no observations are identified.id
. If given as a
one-sided formula, its right hand side must evaluate to a vector
which is converted to character and used to label the identified
observations. Default is the innermost grouping factor.FALSE
.lme
, plot.lme
fm1 <- lme(distance ~ age, Orthodont, random = ~ age | Subject)
## normal plot of standardized residuals by gender
qqnorm(fm1, ~ resid(., type = "p") | Sex, abline = c(0, 1))
## normal plots of random effects
qqnorm(fm1, ~ranef(.))
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