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Plots a three dimensional (3D) point cloud.
scatterplot3d(x, y=NULL, z=NULL, color=par("col"), pch=par("pch"),
main=NULL, sub=NULL, xlim=NULL, ylim=NULL, zlim=NULL,
xlab=NULL, ylab=NULL, zlab=NULL, scale.y=1, angle=40,
axis=TRUE, tick.marks=TRUE, label.tick.marks=TRUE,
x.ticklabs=NULL, y.ticklabs=NULL, z.ticklabs=NULL,
y.margin.add=0, y.axis.offset=1, grid=TRUE, box=TRUE,
lab=par("lab"), lab.z=mean(lab[1:2]), type="p",
highlight.3d=FALSE, mar=c(5,3,4,3)+0.1, bg=par("bg"),
col.axis=par("col.axis"), col.grid="grey", col.lab=par("col.lab"),
cex.symbols=par("cex"), cex.axis=0.8 * par("cex.axis"),
cex.lab=par("cex.lab"), font.axis=par("font.axis"),
font.lab=par("font.lab"), lty.axis=par("lty"),
lty.grid=par("lty"), lty.hide=NULL, lty.hplot=par("lty"),
log="", asp=NA, ...)
function which converts coordinates from 3D (x, y, z)
to 2D-projection (x, y) of scatterplot3d.
Useful to plot objects into existing plot.
function which draws points or lines into the existing plot.
function which draws a plane into the existing plot:
plane3d(Intercept, x.coef = NULL, y.coef = NULL, lty =
"dashed", lty.box = NULL, draw_lines = TRUE, draw_polygon = FALSE,
polygon_args = list(border = NA, col = rgb(0,0,0,0.2)), ...).
Instead of Intercept a vector containing 3
elements or an (g)lm object can be specified.
The argument lty.box allows to set a different line style for the
intersecting lines in the box's walls. The arguments draw_lines and draw_polygon
allow for choosing whether to represent the plane via line segments or as a solid surface, respectively.
The list in polygon_args collects arguments to be passed to the underlying
polygon call that draws a solid (or transparent) plane if draw_polygon=TRUE.
function which “refreshes” the box surrounding the plot.
function which draws countour lines into the existing plot:
contour3d(f, x.count = 10, y.count = 10, type = "l", lty = "24",
x.resolution = 50, y.resolution = 50, ...).
The first argument can be an lm object of two dimensions or a function of two arguments. In both cases
the dimensions have to be given in the order x, y of the scatterplot3d call.
The arguments x.count and y.count specify how many segments should be drawn for each dimension.
The arguments x.resolution and y.resolution control the number of locations where the segments have to be evaluated.
As the function modifies the par("mar") settings of the current device and needs to keep these in case you add elements to the plot later on,
you can change these back via par(object$par.mar) in case you want to add more plots with default margins to the current device.
the coordinates of points in the plot.
the y coordinates of points in the plot, optional if x is an appropriate structure.
the z coordinates of points in the plot, optional if x is an appropriate structure.
colors of points in the plot, optional if x is an appropriate structure.
Will be ignored if highlight.3d = TRUE.
plotting "character", i.e. symbol to use.
an overall title for the plot.
sub-title.
the x, y and z limits (min, max) of the plot. Note that setting enlarged limits may not work as exactly as expected (a known but unfixed bug).
titles for the x, y and z axis.
scale of y axis related to x- and z axis.
angle between x and y axis (Attention: result depends on scaling).
a logical value indicating whether axes should be drawn on the plot.
a logical value indicating whether tick marks should
be drawn on the plot (only if axis = TRUE).
a logical value indicating whether tick marks should be labeled on the plot
(only if axis = TRUE and tick.marks = TRUE).
vector of tick mark labels.
add additional space between tick mark labels and axis label of the y axis
a numeric (default 1) specifying the offset of y axis tick mark labels
from the axis, see offset argument of text.
a logical value indicating whether a grid should be drawn on the plot.
a logical value indicating whether a box should be drawn around the plot.
a numerical vector of the form c(x, y, len). The values of x and y give the (approximate) number of tickmarks on the x and y axes.
the same as lab, but for z axis.
character indicating the type of plot: "p" for points, "l" for lines, "h" for vertical lines to x-y-plane, etc.
points will be drawn in different colors related to y coordinates
(only if type = "p" or type = "h", else color will be used).
On some devices not all colors can be displayed. In this case try the
postscript device or use highlight.3d = FALSE.
A numerical vector of the form c(bottom, left, top, right) which gives the lines of margin to be specified on the four sides of the plot. See section Values on how to change the setting back to the default / previous setting.
background (fill) color for the open plot symbols given by pch = 21:25.
the color to be used for axis / grid / axis labels.
the magnification to be used for point symbols.
the magnification to be used for axis annotation and labels relative to the current.
the font to be used for axis annotation / labels.
the line type to be used for axis / grid.
line style used to plot ‘non-visible’ edges (defaults of the lty.axis style)
the line type to be used for vertical segments with type = "h".
Not yet implemented! A character string which contains "x" (if the x axis is to be logarithmic), "y", "z", "xy", "xz", "yz", "xyz".
numeric, giving the aspect ratio z/x or z/y, see ‘Note’.
more graphical parameters can be given as arguments,
pch = 16 or pch = 20 may be nice.
Uwe Ligges ligges@statistik.tu-dortmund.de, Martin Maechler, Sarah Schnackenberg
Ligges, U., and Maechler, M. (2003): Scatterplot3d -- an R Package for Visualizing Multivariate Data. Journal of Statistical Software 8(11), 1--20. tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.18637/jss.v008.i11")
## On some devices not all colors can be displayed.
## Try the postscript device or use highlight.3d = FALSE.
## example 1
z <- seq(-10, 10, 0.01)
x <- cos(z)
y <- sin(z)
scatterplot3d(x, y, z, highlight.3d=TRUE, col.axis="blue",
col.grid="lightblue", main="scatterplot3d - 1", pch=20, mar=c(0,0,0,0))
## example 2
temp <- seq(-pi, 0, length = 50)
x <- c(rep(1, 50) %*% t(cos(temp)))
y <- c(cos(temp) %*% t(sin(temp)))
z <- c(sin(temp) %*% t(sin(temp)))
scatterplot3d(x, y, z, highlight.3d=TRUE,
col.axis="blue", col.grid="lightblue",
main="scatterplot3d - 2", pch=20)
## example 3
temp <- seq(-pi, 0, length = 50)
x <- c(rep(1, 50) %*% t(cos(temp)))
y <- c(cos(temp) %*% t(sin(temp)))
z <- 10 * c(sin(temp) %*% t(sin(temp)))
color <- rep("green", length(x))
temp <- seq(-10, 10, 0.01)
x <- c(x, cos(temp))
y <- c(y, sin(temp))
z <- c(z, temp)
color <- c(color, rep("red", length(temp)))
scatterplot3d(x, y, z, color, pch=20, zlim=c(-2, 10),
main="scatterplot3d - 3")
## example 4
my.mat <- matrix(runif(25), nrow=5)
dimnames(my.mat) <- list(LETTERS[1:5], letters[11:15])
my.mat # the matrix we want to plot ...
s3d.dat <- data.frame(cols=as.vector(col(my.mat)),
rows=as.vector(row(my.mat)),
value=as.vector(my.mat))
scatterplot3d(s3d.dat, type="h", lwd=5, pch=" ",
x.ticklabs=colnames(my.mat), y.ticklabs=rownames(my.mat),
color=grey(25:1/40), main="scatterplot3d - 4")
## example 5
data(trees)
s3d <- scatterplot3d(trees, type="h", highlight.3d=TRUE,
angle=55, scale.y=0.7, pch=16, main="scatterplot3d - 5")
# Now adding some points to the "scatterplot3d"
s3d$points3d(seq(10,20,2), seq(85,60,-5), seq(60,10,-10),
col="blue", type="h", pch=16)
# Now adding a regression plane to the "scatterplot3d"
attach(trees)
my.lm <- lm(Volume ~ Girth + Height)
s3d$plane3d(my.lm, lty.box = "solid")
## example 6; by Martin Maechler
cubedraw <- function(res3d, min = 0, max = 255, cex = 2, text. = FALSE)
{
## Purpose: Draw nice cube with corners
cube01 <- rbind(c(0,0,1), 0, c(1,0,0), c(1,1,0), 1, c(0,1,1), # < 6 outer
c(1,0,1), c(0,1,0)) # <- "inner": fore- & back-ground
cub <- min + (max-min)* cube01
## visibile corners + lines:
res3d$points3d(cub[c(1:6,1,7,3,7,5) ,], cex = cex, type = 'b', lty = 1)
## hidden corner + lines
res3d$points3d(cub[c(2,8,4,8,6), ], cex = cex, type = 'b', lty = 3)
if(text.)## debug
text(res3d$xyz.convert(cub), labels=1:nrow(cub), col='tomato', cex=2)
}
## 6 a) The named colors in R, i.e. colors()
cc <- colors()
crgb <- t(col2rgb(cc))
par(xpd = TRUE)
rr <- scatterplot3d(crgb, color = cc, box = FALSE, angle = 24,
xlim = c(-50, 300), ylim = c(-50, 300), zlim = c(-50, 300))
cubedraw(rr)
## 6 b) The rainbow colors from rainbow(201)
rbc <- rainbow(201)
Rrb <- t(col2rgb(rbc))
rR <- scatterplot3d(Rrb, color = rbc, box = FALSE, angle = 24,
xlim = c(-50, 300), ylim = c(-50, 300), zlim = c(-50, 300))
cubedraw(rR)
rR$points3d(Rrb, col = rbc, pch = 16)
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