gdmp (version 0.2.0)

snpSelect: Select genotyped individuals and SNPs based on call rate, heterozygosity, HW equilibrium, or minor allele frequency.

Description

snpSelect is a function to exclude individuals and SNPs that do not satisfy one of the following criteria,

• SNP genotypes are above the provided call rate threshold, default = 0.85

• SNP genotypes are above the provided heterozygosity rate, default = 0.01

• SNP loci are not far from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

• SNP genotypes are above the provided minimum for minor allele frequency, default = 0.005

Usage

snpSelect(ga.r, select.method=c("call.rate", "heterozygosity", "HW.Eq", "MAF"),
  call.rate.min = .85, hz.min = .01, hz.diff = .15, MAF.min = .005)

Arguments

ga.r

Matrix of SNP genotypes as prepared by toArray and recoded by snpRecode.

select.method

The SNP criterion to use in selecting individuals to keep, default is 'call.rate'.

call.rate.min

Call rate threshold provided or the minimum allowed call rate.

hz.min

Heterozygosity threshold provided, less polymorphic SNPs are excluded.

hz.diff

Heterozygosity difference used in HW equilibrium, see ‘Details’.

MAF.min

Minor allele frequency threshold provided, SNPs with lower frequencies for the minor allele are excluded.

Value

A matrix with individuals exceeding the call.rate.min threshold or a matrix with SNPs exceeding hz.min. A minimum heterozygosity instead of 0 is recommended to leave room for genotying errors. The function can also be used to exclude SNPs not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium if the difference between expected and observed genotype frequencies is greater than hz.min. Finally, snpSelect may be used to exclude SNPs with low minor allele frequencies. If MAF.min is not supplied, the default of 0.5% is used.

Details

This is a selection tool to extract high quality individuals and SNPs. Based on the selection criterion provided, snpSelect keeps individuals and SNPs that meet the criterion. Providing multiple selection criteria to select.method does not work. If a cleanup requires extraction of individuals and SNPs based on multiple criteria, the function may be used iteratively.

In the case of select.method = ‘call.rate’, individuals not SNPs are excluded. In all other cases, SNPs are excluded.

For selection based on HW equilibrium, the expected frequency of the heterozygous genotype is estimated based on the two homozygous genetypes by ‘sqrt(4*p^2*q^2)’. The absolute difference between the expected and observed frequency of the heterozygous genotype of each SNP needs to be smaller than the minimum difference of hz.diff. The logical function is.hwEq(x, diff) with a TRUE or FALSE output can be used to test SNP genotypes in the integer vector, x, based of the difference, diff.

References

Falconer and Mackay (1996). Introduction to Quantitative Genetics (4th Edition). Pearson Education Limited, Edinburgh, England.

Wiggans et al. (2009). Selection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and quality of genotypes used in genomic evaluation of dairy cattle in the United States and Canada. Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 3431-3436.

See Also

getMAF, is.hwEq, snpRecode, toArray

Examples

# NOT RUN {
## Simulate random allele designations for 100 bi-allelic SNPs
set.seed(2016)
desig <- array(sample(c('A','C','G','T'), size = 200, repl = TRUE), dim=c(100, 2))

## Simulate random SNP genotypes for 20 individuals - put them in array format
## '-' indicates an unknown base
ga <- array(0, dim=c(20, 100))
for(i in 1:20)
  for(j in 1:100)
    ga[i, j] <- paste(sample(c(desig[j,],"-"), 2, prob=c(.47, .47, .06), repl=TRUE), collapse='')

## Recode the matrix, place recoded genotypes in ga.r
desig <- data.frame(AlleleA_Forward = factor(desig[,1]), AlleleB_Forward = factor(desig[,2]))
ga.r <- array(5, dim=c(20, 100))
for(i in 1:100) ga.r[,i] <- snpRecode(ga[,i], desig[i,])

## Exclude individuals with call rates below 85%
dim(snpSelect(ga.r, select.method = "call.rate", call.rate.min = 0.85))
#[1]  15 100

## Exclude SNPs with heterozygosity <= 1%
dim(snpSelect(ga.r, select.method = "heterozygosity", hz.min = 0.01))
#[1] 20 79

## If the difference between expected and observed genotype frequencies
## is > 0.15, exclude the SNP.
dim(snpSelect(ga.r, select.method = "HW.Eq", hz.diff = 0.15))
#[1] 20 29

## Select SNPs with minor allele frequencies greater than 0.5%
dim(snpSelect(ga.r, select.method = "MAF", MAF.min = 0.005))
#[1] 20 79
# }