xmlTreeParse: XML Parser

Description

Parses an XML or HTML file or string, and generates an R structure representing the XML/HTML tree. Use htmlTreeParse when the content is known to be (potentially malformed) HTML.

Usage

xmlTreeParse(file, ignoreBlanks=TRUE, handlers=NULL, replaceEntities=FALSE,
              asText=FALSE, trim=TRUE, validate=FALSE, getDTD=TRUE,
               isURL=FALSE, asTree = FALSE, addAttributeNamespaces = FALSE,
               useInternalNodes = FALSE, isSchema = FALSE)
htmlTreeParse(file, ignoreBlanks = TRUE, handlers = NULL,
               replaceEntities = FALSE, asText = FALSE, trim = TRUE,
               isURL = FALSE, asTree = FALSE, 
               useInternalNodes = FALSE)

Arguments

Details

The handlers argument is used similarly to those specified in xmlEventParse. When an XML tag (element) is processed, we look for a function in this collection with the same name as the tag's name. If this is not found, we look for one named startElement. If this is not found, we use the default built in converter. The same works for comments, entity references, cdata, processing instructions, etc. The default entries should be named comment, startElement, externalEntity, processingInstruction, text, cdata and namespace. All but the last should take the XMLnode as their first argument. In the future, other information may be passed via ..., for example, the depth in the tree, etc. Specifically, the second argument will be the parent node into which they are being added, but this is not currently implemented, so should have a default value (NULL).

The namespace function is called with a single argument which is an object of class XMLNameSpace. This contains description [id] the namespace identifier as used to qualify tag names; [uri] the value of the namespace identifier, i.e. the URI identifying the namespace. [local] a logical value indicating whether the definition is local to the document being parsed. description

One should note that the namespace handler is called before the node in which the namespace definition occurs and its children are processed. This is different than the other handlers which are called after the child nodes have been processed.

Each of these functions can return arbitrary values that are then entered into the tree in place of the default node passed to the function as the first argument. This allows the caller to generate the nodes of the resulting document tree exactly as they wish. If the function returns NULL, the node is dropped from the resulting tree. This is a convenient way to discard nodes having processed their contents. By default, an object of class XML doc is returned, which contains fields/slots named file, version and children. file{The (expanded) name of the file containing the XML.} version{A string identifying the version of XML used by the document.} children{ A list of the XML nodes at the top of the document. Each of these is of class XMLNode. These are made up of 4 fields. name{The name of the element.} attributes{For regular elements, a named list of XML attributes converted from the } children{List of sub-nodes.} value{Used only for text entries.} Some nodes specializations of XMLNode, such as XMLComment, XMLProcessingInstruction, XMLEntityRef are used.

If the value of the argument getDTD is TRUE, the return value is a list of length 2. The first element is as the document as described above. The second element is a list containing the external and internal DTDs. Each of these contains 2 lists - one for elements and another for entities. See parseDTD. } http://xmlsoft.org, http://www.w3.org/xml [object Object] Make sure that the necessary 3rd party libraries are available.

xmlEventParse

fileName <- system.file("exampleData", "test.xml", package="XML") # parse the document and return it in its standard format. xmlTreeParse(fileName)

# parse the document, discarding comments. xmlTreeParse(fileName, handlers=list("comment"=function(x,...){NULL}), asTree = TRUE)

# print the entities invisible(xmlTreeParse(fileName, handlers=list(entity=function(x) { cat("In entity",x$name, x$value,"") x ), asTree = TRUE ) )

# Parse some XML text. # Read the text from the file xmlText <- paste(readLines(fileName), "", collapse="")

xmlTreeParse(xmlText, asText=TRUE)

# Read a MathML document and convert each node # so that the primary class is # MathML # so that we can use method dispatching when processing # it rather than conditional statements on the tag name. # See plotMathML() in examples/. fileName <- system.file("exampleData", "mathml.xml",package="XML") m <- xmlTreeParse(fileName, handlers=list( startElement = function(node){ cname <- paste(xmlName(node),"MathML", sep="",collapse="") class(node) <- c(cname, class(node)); node }))

# In this example, we extract _just_ the names of the # variables in the mtcars.xml file. # The names are the contents of the # tags. We discard all other tags by returning NULL # from the startElement handler. # # We cumulate the names of variables in a character # vector named `vars'. # We define this within a closure and define the # variable function within that closure so that it # will be invoked when the parser encounters a # tag. # This is called with 2 arguments: the XMLNode object (containing # its children) and the list of attributes. # We get the variable name via call to xmlValue().

# Note that we define the closure function in the call and then # create an instance of it by calling it directly as # (function() {...})()

# Note that we can get the names by parsing # in the usual manner and the entire document and then executing # xmlSApply(xmlRoot(doc)[[1]], function(x) xmlValue(x[[1]])) # which is simpler but is more costly in terms of memory. fileName <- system.file("exampleData", "mtcars.xml", package="XML") doc <- xmlTreeParse(fileName, handlers = (function() { vars <- character(0) ; list(variable=function(x, attrs) { vars <<- c(vars,="" xmlvalue(x[[1]]));="" null},="" startelement="function(x,attr){" null="" },="" names="function()" {="" vars="" }="" )="" })()="" )<="" p="">

# Here we just print the variable names to the console # with a special handler. doc <- xmlTreeParse(fileName, handlers = list( variable=function(x, attrs) { print(xmlValue(x[[1]])); TRUE }), asTree=TRUE)

# This should raise an error. try(xmlTreeParse( system.file("exampleData", "TestInvalid.xml", package="XML"), validate=TRUE))

# Parse an XML document directly from a URL. # Requires Internet access. xmlTreeParse("http://www.omegahat.org/Scripts/Data/mtcars.xml", asText=TRUE)

counter = function() { counts = integer(0) list(startElement = function(node) { name = xmlName(node) if(name %in% names(counts)) counts[name] <<- 1="" counts[name]="" +="" else="" <<-="" },="" counts="function()" counts)="" }<="" p="">

h = counter() xmlTreeParse(system.file("exampleData", "mtcars.xml", package="XML"), handlers = h, useInternalNodes = TRUE) h$counts()

getLinks = function() { links = character() list(a = function(node, ...) { links <<- c(links,="" xmlgetattr(node,="" "href"))="" node="" },="" links="function()links)" }<="" p="">

h1 = getLinks() htmlTreeParse(system.file("examples", "index.html", package = "XML"), handlers = h1) h1$links()

h2 = getLinks() htmlTreeParse(system.file("examples", "index.html", package = "XML"), handlers = h2, useInternalNodes = TRUE) all(h1$links() == h2$links())

# Using flat trees tt = xmlHashTree() f = system.file("exampleData", "mtcars.xml", package="XML") xmlTreeParse(f, handlers = tt[[".addNode"]]) xmlRoot(tt)

file IO