xts (version 0.13.2)

xts: Create Or Test For An xts Time-Series Object

Description

Constructor function for creating an extensible time-series object.

xts is used to create an xts object from raw data inputs.

Usage

xts(x = NULL,
    order.by = index(x),
    frequency = NULL,
    unique = TRUE,
    tzone = Sys.getenv("TZ"),
    ...)

.xts(x = NULL, index, tclass = c("POSIXct", "POSIXt"), tzone = Sys.getenv("TZ"), check = TRUE, unique = FALSE, ...)

is.xts(x)

Value

An S3 object of class xts. As it inherits and extends the zoo class, all zoo methods remain valid. Additional attributes may be assigned and extracted via xtsAttributes.

Arguments

x

an object containing the time series data

order.by

a corresponding vector of dates/times of a known time-based class. See Details.

index

a corresponding numeric vector specified as seconds since the UNIX epoch (1970-01-01 00:00:00.000)

frequency

numeric indicating frequency of order.by. See Details.

unique

check the index for unique timestamps?

check

check that the index is ordered?

tclass

time class to use for the index. See tclass.

tzone

time zone of the index (ignored indices without a time component, e.g. Date, yearmon, yearqtr). See tzone.

...

additional attributes to be added. See Details.

Author

Jeffrey A. Ryan and Joshua M. Ulrich

Details

An xts object extends the S3 class zoo from the package of the same name.

The xts() constructor is the preferred way to create xts objects. It performs several checks to ensure it returns a well-formed xts object. The .xts() constructor is mainly for internal use. It is more efficient than the regular xts() constructor because it doesn't perform as many validity checks. Use it with caution.

Similar to zoo objects, xts objects must have an ordered index. While zoo indexes cannot contain duplicate values, xts objects have optionally supported duplicate index elements since version 0.5-0. The xts class has one additional requirement, the index must be a time-based class. Currently supported classes include: ‘Date’, ‘POSIXct’, ‘timeDate’, as well as ‘yearmon’ and ‘yearqtr’ where the index values remain unique.

The uniqueness requirement was relaxed in version 0.5-0, but is still enforced by default. Setting unique = FALSE skips the uniqueness check and only ensures that the index is ordered via the isOrdered function.

As of version 0.10-0, xts no longer allows missing values in the index. This is because many xts functions expect all index values to be finite. The most important of these is merge.xts, which is used ubiquitously. Missing values in the index are usually the result of a date-time conversion error (e.g. incorrect format, non-existent time due to daylight saving time, etc). Because of how non-finite numbers are represented, a missing timestamp will always be at the end of the index (except if it is -Inf, which will be first).

Another difference from zoo is that xts object may carry additional attributes that may be desired in individual time-series handling. This includes the ability to augment the objects data with meta-data otherwise not cleanly attachable to a standard zoo object.

Examples of usage from finance may include the addition of data for keeping track of sources, last-update times, financial instrument descriptions or details, etc.

The idea behind xts is to offer the user the ability to utilize a standard zoo object, while providing an mechanism to customize the object's meta-data, as well as create custom methods to handle the object in a manner required by the user.

Many xts-specific methods have been written to better handle the unique aspects of xts. These include, ‘"["’, merge, cbind, rbind, c, Ops, lag, diff, coredata, head and tail. Additionally there are xts specific methods for converting to/from R's different time-series classes.

Subsetting via "[" methods offers the ability to specify dates by range, if they are enclosed in quotes. The style borrows from python by creating ranges with a double colon “"::"” or “"/"” operator. Each side of the operator may be left blank, which would then default to the beginning and end of the data, respectively. To specify a subset of times, it is only required that the time specified be in standard ISO format, with some form of separation between the elements. The time must be ‘left-filled’, that is to specify a full year one needs only to provide the year, a month would require the full year and the integer of the month requested - e.g. '1999-01'. This format would extend all the way down to seconds - e.g. '1999-01-01 08:35:23'. Leading zeros are not necessary. See the examples for more detail.

Users may also extend the xts class to new classes to allow for method overloading.

Additional benefits derive from the use of as.xts and reclass, which allow for lossless two-way conversion between common R time-series classes and the xts object structure. See those functions for more detail.

References

zoo:

See Also

as.xts, index, tclass, tformat, tzone, xtsAttributes

Examples

Run this code
data(sample_matrix)
sample.xts <- as.xts(sample_matrix, descr='my new xts object')

class(sample.xts)
str(sample.xts)

head(sample.xts)  # attribute 'descr' hidden from view
attr(sample.xts,'descr')

sample.xts['2007']  # all of 2007
sample.xts['2007-03/']  # March 2007 to the end of the data set
sample.xts['2007-03/2007']  # March 2007 to the end of 2007
sample.xts['/'] # the whole data set
sample.xts['/2007'] # the beginning of the data through 2007
sample.xts['2007-01-03'] # just the 3rd of January 2007

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