The expected value for the treated group, E(Y_1), is calculated as the mean of the product of the treatment assignment
and the outcome divided by the estimated propensity score.
The expected value for the control group, E(Y_0), is calculated as the mean of the product of the control assignment
and the outcome divided by one minus the estimated propensity score.
The propensity score is estimated by applying a logistic regression model to the true values of the covariates and
treatment assignments.