CDM (version 1.0-0)

plot.din: Plot Method for Objects of Class din

Description

S3 method to plot objects of the class din.

Usage

## S3 method for class 'din':
plot(x, items = c(1:ncol(x$data)), pattern = "",
    uncertainty = 0.1, highest = 0.05, pdf.file = "", 
    hide.idi = FALSE, hide.obs = FALSE,
    display.nr = 1:5, ...)

Arguments

x

a required object of class din, obtained from a call to the function din.

items

an index vector giving the items to be visualized in the first plot, see Details. The default is items = c(1:ncol(x$data)), which is all items.

pattern

an optional character specifying a response pattern of an respondent, whose attributes are analyzed in a separate graphic. It is required to choose a pattern from the empirical data set.

uncertainty

a numeric between 0 and 0.5 giving the uncertainty bounds for deriving the observed skill occurrence probabilities in plot 2 and the simplified deterministic attribute profiles in plot 5.

highest

a numeric between 0 and 1 giving the percentage of skill patterns with highest occurrence frequency to be labeled in plot 3.

pdf.file

an optional character string. If specified the graphics obtained from the function plot.din are provided in a pdf file. The default is pdf.file="", which is not providing a pdf file. Otherwise specify a direct

hide.idi

an optional logical value. If set to TRUE, the IDI curve in first graphic is not displayed.

hide.obs

an optional logical value. If set to TRUE, the polygonal chain for observed frequencies of skill class probabilities in the second graphic is not displayed.

display.nr

an optional numeric or numeric vector. If specified, only the plots in display.nr are displayed. Default is display.nr = 1:5 causing the display of all five plots.

...

Optional graphical parameters to be passed to or from other methods will be ignored.

Value

• If the argument x is of required type, and if the optional arguments items, uncertainty, highest and pdf.file are specified as required, the plot.din produces several graphics to analyze a CDM model.

Details

The plot method graphs the results obtained from a CDM analysis. Four or five graphics to analyze the fitted model are produced, respectively. The first graphic depicts the parameter estimates their diagnostic accuracy for each of chosen the items in items. Parameter estimates are splitted in guessing and slipping errors for each item. See din for further information. The second graphic shows the estimated occurrence probabilities of the attributes underlying the items. The included polygonal line gives the observed occurrence probabilities in the sample. They are determined by evaluation of the simplified deterministic attribute profiles. Classifying a respondent as master of a certain attribute increases the observed occurrence probability of that attribute. The third graphic illustrates the distribution of the skill pattern occurrence probabilities. The skill patterns with the highest occurrence frequency are labeled. The forth plot is a parallel coordinate plot of the individual skill profiles. Each line represents an individual skill profile. For each of these skill profiles on the vertical lines the individual probabilities of mastering the corresponding attributes are drawn. If in pattern an empirical response pattern is specified, the fifth plot shows the individual skill profile of an examinee having this response pattern. For each attribute, having a mastering probability below $0.5 - uncertainty$ the examinee is classified as non-master of the corresponding attribute. For mastering probabilities higher than $0.5 + uncertainty$ the examinee is classified as master of the corresponding attribute.

References

Rupp, A. A., Templin, J. L. and Henson, R. A. (2010) Diagnostic Measurement: Theory, Methods, and Applications. New York: The Guilford Press.

See Also

print.din, the S3 method for printing objects of the class din; summary.din, the S3 method for summarizing objects of the class din, which creates objects of the class summary.din; print.summary.din, the S3 method for printing objects of the class summary.din; din, the main function for DINA and DINO parameter estimation, which creates objects of the class din. See also CDM-package for general information about this package.

Examples

##
## (1) examples based on dataset fractions.subtraction.data
##

## Set an upper boundary for the guessing parameter of 
## item 5, 8 and 9
fractions.dina.bound <- din(data = fraction.subtraction.data, 
  q.matrix = fraction.subtraction.qmatrix, constraint.guess =
  matrix(c(5,8,9, rep(0.2, 3)), ncol = 2))
fractions.dina.bound

## The second plot shows the expected (MAP) and observed skill 
## probabilities. The third plot visualizes the skill pattern
## occurrence probabilities; Only the 'highest' are labeled; it
## is obvious that the skill class '11111111' (all skills are
## mastered) is the most probable in this population. The fourth
## plot shows the skill probabilities conditional on response
## patterns; in this population the skills 3 and 6 seem to be
## mastered easier than the others. The fifth plot shows the
## skill probabilities conditional on a specified response
## pattern; it is shown whether a skill is mastered (above 
## .5+'uncertainty') unclassifiable (within the boundaries) or
## not mastered (below .5-'uncertainty'). In this case, the
## fifteenth respondent was chosen; if no response pattern is 
## specified, the plot will not be shown (of course)
pattern <- paste(fraction.subtraction.data[15,], collapse = "")

#uncertainty = 0.1, highest = 0.05 are default
plot(fractions.dina.bound, uncertainty = 0.1, highest = 0.05, 
  pattern = pattern)