Cairo (version 1.4-9)

Cairo: Create a new Cairo-based graphics device

Description

Cairo initializes a new graphics device that uses the cairo graphics library for rendering. The current implementation produces high-quality PNG, JPEG, TIFF bitmap files, high resolution PDF files with embedded fonts, SVG graphics and PostScript files. It also provides X11 and Windows interactive graphics devices. Unlike other devices it supports all graphics features including alpha blending, anti-aliasing etc.

CairoX11, CairoPNG, CairoPDF, CairoPS and CairoSVG are convenience wrappers of Cairo that take the same arguments as the corresponding device it replaces such as X11, png, pdf, etc. Use of the Cairo function is encouraged as it is more flexible than the wrappers.

Usage

Cairo(width = 640, height = 480, file="", type="png", pointsize=12, 
      bg = "transparent", canvas = "white", units = "px", dpi = "auto",
      ...)
CairoX11(display=Sys.getenv("DISPLAY"), width = 7, height = 7,
         pointsize = 12, gamma = getOption("gamma"), bg = "transparent",
         canvas = "white", xpos = NA, ypos = NA, ...)
CairoPNG(filename = "Rplot%03d.png", width = 480, height = 480,
         pointsize = 12, bg = "white",  res = NA, ...)
CairoJPEG(filename = "Rplot%03d.jpeg", width = 480, height = 480,
         pointsize = 12, quality = 75, bg = "white", res = NA, ...)
CairoTIFF(filename = "Rplot%03d.tiff", width = 480, height = 480,
         pointsize = 12, bg = "white", res = NA, ...)
CairoPDF(file = ifelse(onefile, "Rplots.pdf","Rplot%03d.pdf"),
         width = 6, height = 6, onefile = TRUE, family = "Helvetica",
         title = "R Graphics Output", fonts = NULL, version = "1.1",
         paper = "special", encoding, bg, fg, pointsize, pagecentre)
CairoSVG(file = ifelse(onefile, "Rplots.svg", "Rplot%03d.svg"),
         width = 6, height = 6, onefile = TRUE, bg = "transparent",
         pointsize = 12, ...)
CairoWin(width = 7, height = 7, pointsize = 12,
         record = getOption("graphics.record"),
         rescale = c("R", "fit", "fixed"), xpinch, ypinch, bg =
         "transparent", canvas = "white", gamma = getOption("gamma"),
         xpos = NA, ypos = NA, buffered = getOption("windowsBuffered"),
         restoreConsole = FALSE, ...)
CairoPS(file = ifelse(onefile, "Rplots.ps", "Rplot%03d.ps"),
        onefile = TRUE, family, title = "R Graphics Output", fonts = NULL,
        encoding, bg, fg, width, height, horizontal, pointsize, paper,
        pagecentre, print.it, command, colormodel)

Arguments

width

width of the plot area (also see units).

height

height of the plot area (also see units).

file

name of the file to be created or connection to write to. Only PDF, PS and PNG types support connections. For X11 type file specifies the display name. If NULL or "" a reasonable default will be chosen w

type

output type. This version of Cario supports "png", "jpeg" and "tiff" bitmaps (png/tiff with transparent background), "pdf" PDF-file with embedded fonts, "svg" SVG-file, "ps" PostScript-file, "x11" X11 interactive window and "win" Windows graphics.

pointsize

initial text size (in points).

canvas

canvas color (must be opaque). The canvas is only used by devices that display graphics on a screen and the canvas is only visible only if bg is transparent.

bg

plot background color (can include alpha-component or be transparent alltogether).

units

units for of the width and height specifications. It can be any of "px" (pixels), "in" (inches), "pt" (points), "cm" (centimeters) or "mm"

dpi

DPI used for the conversion of units to pixels. If set to "auto" the DPI resolution will be determined by the back-end.

...

additional backend specific parameters (e.g. quality setting for JPEG (0..100) and compression for TIFF (0,1=none, 5=LZW (default), 7=JPEG, 8=Adobe Deflate))

All parameters listed below are defin

display

X11 display, see X11

gamma

gamma correction

xpos

see X11

ypos

see X11

filename

same as file in Cairo

res

see png, will be mapped to dpi for Cairo

quality

quality of the jpeg, see jpeg

onefile

logical: if true (the default) allow multiple figures in one file (see pdf). false is currently not supported by vector devices

family

font family, see pdf

title

see pdf (ignored)

fonts

see pdf, ignored, Cairo automatically detects and embeds fonts

version

PDF version, see pdf (ignored)

paper

see pdf (ignored, Cairo uses device dimensions)

encoding

see pdf (ignored, Cairo uses native enconding except for symbols)

fg

see pdf (ignored)

pagecentre

see pdf (ignored, Cairo uses device dimensions and thus it is irrelevant)

record

see windows (ignored)

rescale

see windows (ignored)

xpinch

see windows (ignored)

ypinch

see windows (ignored)

buffered

see windows (ignored, Cairo always uses cache buffer)

restoreConsole

see windows (ignored)

record

Windows-specific, ignored on unix

rescale

Windows-specific, ignored on unix

xpinch

Windows-specific, ignored on unix

ypinch

Windows-specific, ignored on unix

buffered

Windows-specific, ignored on unix

restoreConsole

Windows-specific, ignored on unix

horizontal

see postscript (ignored)

print.it

see postscript (ignored)

command

see postscript (ignored)

colormodel

see postscript (ignored, Cairo always uses RGB or ARGB)

Value

• The (invisible) return value is NULL if the device couldn't be created or a Cairo object if successful. The vaule of the object is the device number.

Known issues

• The X11 backend is quite slow. The reason is the cairographics implementation of the backend, so we can't do much about it. It should be possible to drop cairographics' Xlib backend entirely and use image backend copied into an X11 window instead. We may try that in future releases.
• TrueType (and OpenType) fonts are supported when this package is compiled against a cairo graphics library configured with FreeType and Fontconfig support. Therefore make sure have a cairo grpahics library with all bell and whistles to get a good result.
• R math symbols are supported, but require a TrueType "Symbol" font accessible to Cairo under that name.

See Also

CairoFonts

Examples

# very simple KDE
Cairo(600, 600, file="plot.png", type="png", bg="white")
plot(rnorm(4000),rnorm(4000),col="#ff000018",pch=19,cex=2) # semi-transparent red
dev.off() # creates a file "plot.png" with the above plot

# you can use any Cairo backend and get the same result
# vector, bitmap or on-screen
CairoPDF("plot.pdf", 6, 6, bg="transparent")
data(iris)
attach(iris)
plot(Petal.Length, rep(-0.03,length(Species)), xlim=c(1,7),
     ylim=c(0,1.7), xlab="Petal.Length", ylab="Density",
     pch=21, cex=1.5, col="#00000001", main = "Iris (yet again)",
     bg=c("#ff000020","#00ff0020","#0000ff20")[unclass(Species)])
for (i in 1:3)
  polygon(density(Petal.Length[unclass(Species)==i],bw=0.2),
    col=c("#ff000040","#00ff0040","#0000ff40")[i])
dev.off()