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Draw a Cleveland dot plot. This is an extended version of dotchart with an added option for error bars and an add argument.
PlotDot(x, labels = NULL, groups = NULL, gdata = NULL,
cex = par("cex"), pch = NULL, gpch = 21, bg = par("bg"),
color = par("fg"), gcolor = par("fg"), lcolor = "gray", lblcolor = par("fg"),
xlim = NULL, main = NULL, xlab = NULL, ylab = NULL,
xaxt=NULL, yaxt=NULL, add = FALSE, args.errbars = NULL, …)either a vector or matrix of numeric values (NAs are
allowed). If x is a matrix the overall plot consists of
juxtaposed dotplots for each row. Inputs which satisfy
is.numeric(x) but not
is.vector(x) || is.matrix(x) are coerced by
as.numeric, with a warning.
a vector of labels for each point.
For vectors the default is to use names(x) and for matrices
the row labels dimnames(x)[[1]].
an optional factor indicating how the elements of
x are grouped.
If x is a matrix, groups will default to the columns
of x.
data values for the groups. This is typically a summary such as the median or mean of each group.
the character size to be used. Setting cex
to a value smaller than one can be a useful way of avoiding label
overlap. Unlike many other graphics functions, this sets the actual
size, not a multiple of par("cex").
the plotting character or symbol to be used. Default is 21.
the plotting character or symbol to be used for group values.
the background color of plotting characters or symbols to be
used; use par(bg= *) to set the background color of
the whole plot.
the color(s) to be used for points and labels.
the single color to be used for group labels and values.
the color(s) to be used for the horizontal lines.
the color(s) to be used for labels.
horizontal range for the plot, see
plot.window, e.g.
overall title for the plot, see title.
axis annotations as in title.
a character which specifies the x axis type. Specifying "n" suppresses plotting of the axis.
a character which specifies the y axis type. Specifying "n" suppresses plotting of the axis.
logical specifying if bars should be added to an already existing plot; defaults to FALSE.
optional arguments for adding error bars. All arguments for ErrBars can be supplied. If left to NULL (default), no error bars will be plotted.
graphical parameters can also be specified as arguments.
Return the y-values used for plotting.
This function is invoked for its side effect, which is to produce two variants of dotplots as described in Cleveland (1985).
Dot plots are a reasonable substitute for bar plots.
Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.
Cleveland, W. S. (1985) The Elements of Graphing Data. Monterey, CA: Wadsworth.
Murrell, P. (2005) R Graphics. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press.
# NOT RUN {
PlotDot(VADeaths, main = "Death Rates in Virginia - 1940")
op <- par(xaxs = "i") # 0 -- 100%
PlotDot(t(VADeaths), xlim = c(0,100),
main = "Death Rates in Virginia - 1940")
par(op)
# add some error bars
PlotDot(VADeaths, main="Death Rates in Virginia - 1940", col="red", pch=21,
args.errbars = list(from=VADeaths-2, to=VADeaths+2, mid=VADeaths,
cex=1.4))
# add some other values
PlotDot(VADeaths+3, pch=15, col="blue", add=TRUE, labels=NA)
# same as PlotDotCI
xci <- do.call(rbind, tapply( d.pizza$delivery_min, d.pizza$driver,
MeanCI, conf.level=0.99, na.rm=TRUE))
PlotDot(xci[,1], main="delivery_min ~ driver", pch=21, bg="grey80", col="black",
args.errbars = list(from=xci[,2], to=xci[,3], mid=xci[,1], lwd=2, col="grey40", cex=1.5),
xlim=c(15,35), panel.before=grid())
# with group data
x <- with(d.pizza, tapply(temperature, list(area, driver), mean, na.rm=TRUE))
PlotDot(x, gdata = tapply(d.pizza$temperature, d.pizza$driver, mean, na.rm=TRUE),
gpch = 15)
# special format
par(lend=1)
PlotDot(VADeaths, main="Death Rates in Virginia - 1940", pch="|", lcolor = hecru, col=hred,
args.errbars = list(from=VADeaths-2, to=VADeaths+2, mid=VADeaths,
cex=1.3, lwd=8, code=0, col=hgreen))
# Error bars for binomial confidence intervals
tab <- table(d.pizza$driver, d.pizza$wine_delivered)
xci <- SetNames(BinomCI(tab[,1], rowSums(tab)), rownames=rownames(tab))
PlotDot(xci[,1], main="wine delivered ~ driver ", xlim=c(0,1),
args.errbars=list(from=xci[,-1], mid=xci[,1], pch=21))
# Error bars for confidence intervals for means
xci <- do.call(rbind, tapply(d.pizza$delivery_min, d.pizza$driver,
MeanCI, conf.level=0.99, na.rm=TRUE))
PlotDot(xci[, 1], main="delivery_min ~ driver", args.errbars=list(from=xci))
# Setting the colours
# define some error bars first
lci <- sweep(x = VADeaths, MARGIN = 2, FUN = "-", 1:4)
uci <- sweep(x = VADeaths, MARGIN = 1, FUN = "+", 1:5)
PlotDot(VADeaths, main="This should only show how to set the colours, not be pretty",
pch=21, col=c("blue","grey"), bg=c("red", "yellow"),
gcolor = c("green", "blue", "orange", "magenta"), gdata=c(10,20,30,40),
gpch = c(15:18), lcolor = "orange",
args.errbars = list(from=lci, to=uci, mid=VADeaths, cex=1.4))
# }
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