EFAtools
The EFAtools package provides functions to perform exploratory factor analysis (EFA) procedures and compare their solutions. The goal is to provide state-of-the-art factor retention methods and a high degree of flexibility in the EFA procedures. To speed up the analyses, some of the iterative procedures like principal axis factoring (PAF) are implemented in C++.
Installation
You can install the release version from CRAN with:
install.packages("EFAtools")You can install the development version from GitHub with:
# install.packages("pak")
pak::pak("mdsteiner/EFAtools")Package Overview
The efa_* functions cover the steps of an EFA workflow:
- Screening and suitability:
efa_screen()checks the data for multivariate normality, outliers, and suitability for factor analysis;efa_kmo()andefa_bartlett()run the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin criterion and Bartlett’s test of sphericity individually. - Factor retention:
efa_retain()runs several factor retention criteria with a single call. They are also available on their own:efa_cd(),efa_ekc(),efa_hull(),efa_kgc(),efa_map(),efa_nest(),efa_parallel(),efa_scree(), andefa_smt(). - Fitting:
efa_fit()fits the factor model.estimate_control()androtate_control()configure the estimation and rotation settings. - Rotation and transformation:
efa_procrustes()rotates a solution onto a target;efa_schmid_leiman()transforms an oblique solution into a hierarchical one. - Reliability:
efa_reliability()computes reliability and common-variance coefficients for a factor solution. - Factor scores:
efa_scores()estimates factor scores together with score-quality diagnostics. - Comparison:
efa_compare()compares two solutions (loadings or communalities). - Averaging:
efa_average()averages solutions across implementations and methods to assess their stability. - Multiple groups:
efa_group()fits a solution per group and compares them. - Multiple imputation:
efa_mi()fits and pools solutions across multiply imputed data sets. - Simulation:
efa_simulate()simulates data from a common-factor population model. - Power:
efa_power()performs analytic and simulation-based power analysis.
The uppercase names (EFA(), N_FACTORS(), …) are superseded by their
efa_* equivalents, but remain exported and keep their arguments, so
existing code keeps working.
The following vignettes and articles cover these in detail:
- EFAtools: a complete EFA workflow, from screening to reliability and factor scores.
- Migrating to the efa_* interface: what the old names and arguments map to.
- EFA with ordinal and missing data: polychoric and tetrachoric correlations, DWLS, FIML, and multiply imputed data.
- Multigroup exploratory factor analysis: comparing solutions across groups and assessing approximate invariance.
- Simulating data and power analysis for EFA: simulating data and planning sample sizes.
Examples
Here are a few examples of EFAtools functionalities
# load the package
library(EFAtools)Factor Retention
Use efa_retain() to test the suitability of the data for factor
analysis and to run multiple factor retention criteria with a single
function call.
Works on raw-data:
# Run multiple factor retention methods
efa_retain(GRiPS_raw)
#> Warning: The suggested maximum number of factors was 2, but the Hull method needs at
#> least 3.
#> ℹ Setting it to 3.
#> ── Tests for the suitability of the data for factor analysis ───────────────────
#>
#> ✔ The Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant at an alpha level of .05:
#> χ²(28) = 5054.06, p < .001. These data are probably suitable for factor
#> analysis.
#> ✔ The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin criterion is marvellous (KMO = 0.955). These data are
#> probably suitable for factor analysis.
#>
#> ── Number of factors suggested by the factor retention criteria ────────────────
#>
#> Comparison data
#> • Suggested number of factors: 1
#>
#> Empirical Kaiser Criterion
#> • Original implementation (Braeken & van Assen, 2017): 1
#>
#> Hull method
#> • CAF: 1
#> • CFI: 1
#> • RMSEA: 1
#>
#> Minimum average partial
#> • Original implementation (TR2): 1
#> • Revised implementation (TR4): 1
#>
#> Next Eigenvalue Sufficiency Test
#> • Suggested number of factors: 1
#>
#> Parallel analysis
#> • SMC eigenvalues: 1Skips some criteria on correlation input:
efa_retain(DOSPERT$cormat, N = DOSPERT$N)
#> Warning: `x` is a correlation matrix, but "CD" needs raw data.
#> ℹ Skipping "CD".
#> ── Tests for the suitability of the data for factor analysis ───────────────────
#>
#> ✔ The Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant at an alpha level of .05:
#> χ²(780) = 16071.13, p < .001. These data are probably suitable for factor
#> analysis.
#> ✔ The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin criterion is meritorious (KMO = 0.9). These data are
#> probably suitable for factor analysis.
#>
#> ── Number of factors suggested by the factor retention criteria ────────────────
#>
#> Empirical Kaiser Criterion
#> • Original implementation (Braeken & van Assen, 2017): 10
#>
#> Hull method
#> • CAF: 12
#> • CFI: 1
#> • RMSEA: 1
#>
#> Minimum average partial
#> • Original implementation (TR2): 5
#> • Revised implementation (TR4): 6
#>
#> Next Eigenvalue Sufficiency Test
#> • Suggested number of factors: 10
#>
#> Parallel analysis
#> • SMC eigenvalues: 12
#>
#> ── Criteria that could not be run ──────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> ! CD: needs raw data, but a correlation matrix was suppliedEFA
Raw-Data Input
With raw-data input, you can use all functionalities, including sandwich and bootstrap standard errors and DWLS estimation with polychoric correlations or two-stage FIML estimation of correlations.
The bootstrap intervals below are percentile intervals over refitted resamples. For the loadings and factor correlations they are centred on the point estimate as you would expect; for the indices derived from the chi-square (RMSEA, AIC, BIC, ECVI) they sit above it, because each resample carries the sample’s own misfit plus fresh sampling noise. A point estimate lying below its own lower bound there is that shift, not a miscomputed interval. CFI and TLI are unaffected, being ratios in which the baseline chi-square shifts along with the model one.
# ULS / MINRES estimation with oblimin rotation and bootstrap SEs
mod <- efa_fit(DOSPERT_raw, n_factors = 5, estimator = "uls", rotation = "oblimin",
se = "np-boot", seed = 1)
#> ℹ `x` is not a correlation matrix; computing correlations from the raw data.
mod
#>
#> EFA performed with estimator = 'ULS' and rotation = 'oblimin'.
#>
#> ── Rotated Loadings ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 h2 u2
#> ethR_1 .513 -.018 .030 -.016 .130 .309 .691
#> ethR_2 .518 -.044 .078 .019 .045 .304 .696
#> ethR_3 .639 -.001 .024 -.223 .081 .490 .510
#> ethR_4 .586 -.122 -.050 -.060 .046 .295 .705
#> ethR_5 .477 .065 -.010 -.127 .032 .267 .733
#> ethR_6 .621 -.098 -.007 -.016 -.021 .345 .655
#> finR_1 -.004 -.005 .840 -.021 .025 .717 .283
#> finR_2 -.066 .029 -.045 .068 .688 .476 .524
#> finR_3 -.005 -.013 .856 .010 .016 .730 .270
#> finR_4 .072 .041 .090 -.040 .710 .600 .400
#> finR_5 -.005 -.029 .873 .000 .040 .768 .232
#> finR_6 .054 .064 .093 .085 .683 .599 .401
#> heaR_1 .426 .087 .101 .087 -.036 .273 .727
#> heaR_2 .453 .053 .050 .136 -.050 .262 .738
#> heaR_3 .415 .130 .071 .019 -.052 .257 .743
#> heaR_4 .362 .163 .123 -.015 -.066 .254 .746
#> heaR_5 .382 .091 -.019 .123 -.057 .185 .815
#> heaR_6 .430 .206 .026 .138 .003 .338 .662
#> recR_1 .017 .407 -.035 .217 .026 .254 .746
#> recR_2 .117 .531 .111 -.101 .038 .410 .590
#> recR_3 .060 .619 .026 .003 .054 .452 .548
#> recR_4 -.072 .861 -.033 -.059 .027 .682 .318
#> recR_5 -.008 .805 .013 -.091 -.003 .628 .372
#> recR_6 -.020 .637 .031 .025 .102 .467 .533
#> socR_1 -.029 -.085 -.071 .646 -.004 .419 .581
#> socR_2 .093 -.027 .031 .679 .039 .474 .526
#> socR_3 -.133 -.058 .018 .640 -.005 .416 .584
#> socR_4 -.004 .018 .032 .614 .007 .383 .617
#> socR_5 .049 .103 -.045 .379 .051 .185 .815
#> socR_6 .004 -.008 .016 .549 .041 .308 .692
#>
#> ── Factor Intercorrelations ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
#> F1 1.000
#> F2 .372 1.000
#> F3 .448 .319 1.000
#> F4 .006 .200 -.042 1.000
#> F5 .154 .290 .344 .145 1.000
#>
#> ── Variances Accounted for ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
#> SS loadings 3.163 2.940 2.457 2.323 1.664
#> Prop Tot Var .105 .098 .082 .077 .055
#> Cum Prop Tot Var .105 .203 .285 .363 .418
#> Prop Comm Var .252 .234 .196 .185 .133
#> Cum Prop Comm Var .252 .486 .682 .867 1.000
#>
#> ── Model Fit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> χ²(295) = 3604.54, p < .001
#> CFI [95% bootstrap-CI]: .90 [.88, .90]
#> TLI [95% bootstrap-CI]: .85 [.82, .85]
#> RMSEA [90% CI] [95% bootstrap-CI]: .06 [.06; .06] [.06, .07]
#> AIC [95% bootstrap-CI]: 3014.54 [3034.98, 3700.48]
#> BIC [95% bootstrap-CI]: 1230.81 [1251.25, 1916.74]
#> ECVI [95% bootstrap-CI]: 1.26 [1.27, 1.48]
#> CAF [95% bootstrap-CI]: .43 [.43, .45]
#> SRMR [95% bootstrap-CI]: .03 [.03, .04]
#>
#> Note: Bootstrap CIs based on 1000 bootstrap samples.
# detailed output with summary()
summary(mod)
#>
#> EFA performed with estimator = 'ULS' and rotation = 'oblimin'.
#>
#> ── Model Diagnostics ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> Factors: 5
#> Variables: 30
#> N: 3123
#> Bootstrap samples: 1000
#> Valid target-rotated samples: 1000 out of 1000
#> Rotation local optima: 1 distinct from 6 of 101 starts
#> Heywood cases: 0
#> Cross-loading items (|loading| >= .300): 0
#> Items without salient loading (|loading| >= .300): 0
#> Factors with fewer than 3 salient indicators: 0
#> Items with primary-loading gap < .200: 2
#> Largest |residual|: .246
#> Factor intercorrelations > .85: none
#>
#> ── Rotated Loadings ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 h2 u2
#> ethR_1 .513 -.018 .030 -.016 .130 .309 .691
#> ethR_2 .518 -.044 .078 .019 .045 .304 .696
#> ethR_3 .639 -.001 .024 -.223 .081 .490 .510
#> ethR_4 .586 -.122 -.050 -.060 .046 .295 .705
#> ethR_5 .477 .065 -.010 -.127 .032 .267 .733
#> ethR_6 .621 -.098 -.007 -.016 -.021 .345 .655
#> finR_1 -.004 -.005 .840 -.021 .025 .717 .283
#> finR_2 -.066 .029 -.045 .068 .688 .476 .524
#> finR_3 -.005 -.013 .856 .010 .016 .730 .270
#> finR_4 .072 .041 .090 -.040 .710 .600 .400
#> finR_5 -.005 -.029 .873 .000 .040 .768 .232
#> finR_6 .054 .064 .093 .085 .683 .599 .401
#> heaR_1 .426 .087 .101 .087 -.036 .273 .727
#> heaR_2 .453 .053 .050 .136 -.050 .262 .738
#> heaR_3 .415 .130 .071 .019 -.052 .257 .743
#> heaR_4 .362 .163 .123 -.015 -.066 .254 .746
#> heaR_5 .382 .091 -.019 .123 -.057 .185 .815
#> heaR_6 .430 .206 .026 .138 .003 .338 .662
#> recR_1 .017 .407 -.035 .217 .026 .254 .746
#> recR_2 .117 .531 .111 -.101 .038 .410 .590
#> recR_3 .060 .619 .026 .003 .054 .452 .548
#> recR_4 -.072 .861 -.033 -.059 .027 .682 .318
#> recR_5 -.008 .805 .013 -.091 -.003 .628 .372
#> recR_6 -.020 .637 .031 .025 .102 .467 .533
#> socR_1 -.029 -.085 -.071 .646 -.004 .419 .581
#> socR_2 .093 -.027 .031 .679 .039 .474 .526
#> socR_3 -.133 -.058 .018 .640 -.005 .416 .584
#> socR_4 -.004 .018 .032 .614 .007 .383 .617
#> socR_5 .049 .103 -.045 .379 .051 .185 .815
#> socR_6 .004 -.008 .016 .549 .041 .308 .692
#>
#> ── 95% bootstrap CIs for salient rotated loadings ──────────────────────────────
#>
#> Variable Factor est lower upper
#> ethR_1 F1 .513 .465 .553
#> ethR_2 F1 .518 .472 .558
#> ethR_3 F1 .639 .589 .677
#> ethR_4 F1 .586 .532 .630
#> ethR_5 F1 .477 .431 .523
#> ethR_6 F1 .621 .572 .662
#> heaR_1 F1 .426 .381 .472
#> heaR_2 F1 .453 .407 .497
#> heaR_3 F1 .415 .361 .472
#> heaR_4 F1 .362 .306 .419
#> heaR_5 F1 .382 .326 .435
#> heaR_6 F1 .430 .382 .475
#> recR_1 F2 .407 .366 .447
#> recR_2 F2 .531 .487 .572
#> recR_3 F2 .619 .578 .654
#> recR_4 F2 .861 .825 .891
#> recR_5 F2 .805 .771 .835
#> recR_6 F2 .637 .600 .669
#> finR_1 F3 .840 .801 .868
#> finR_3 F3 .856 .819 .881
#> finR_5 F3 .873 .837 .899
#> socR_1 F4 .646 .612 .680
#> socR_2 F4 .679 .648 .708
#> socR_3 F4 .640 .602 .674
#> socR_4 F4 .614 .581 .648
#> socR_5 F4 .379 .339 .418
#> socR_6 F4 .549 .511 .587
#> finR_2 F5 .688 .646 .723
#> finR_4 F5 .710 .667 .740
#> finR_6 F5 .683 .642 .715
#>
#> ── Factor Intercorrelations ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
#> F1 1.000
#> F2 .372 1.000
#> F3 .448 .319 1.000
#> F4 .006 .200 -.042 1.000
#> F5 .154 .290 .344 .145 1.000
#>
#> ── 95% bootstrap CIs for factor intercorrelations ──────────────────────────────
#>
#> Factors est lower upper
#> F1 ~~ F2 .372 .327 .405
#> F1 ~~ F3 .448 .400 .481
#> F1 ~~ F4 .006 -.037 .049
#> F1 ~~ F5 .154 .108 .196
#> F2 ~~ F3 .319 .270 .359
#> F2 ~~ F4 .200 .160 .236
#> F2 ~~ F5 .290 .241 .326
#> F3 ~~ F4 -.042 -.082 .002
#> F3 ~~ F5 .344 .293 .373
#> F4 ~~ F5 .145 .098 .185
#>
#> ── Structure Matrix ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
#> ethR_1 .540 .217 .299 .001 .212
#> ethR_2 .543 .190 .310 .017 .142
#> ethR_3 .661 .223 .348 -.209 .155
#> ethR_4 .525 .081 .192 -.072 .075
#> ethR_5 .500 .223 .240 -.106 .102
#> ethR_6 .578 .121 .233 -.035 .042
#> finR_1 .374 .265 .846 -.054 .309
#> finR_2 .031 .203 .168 .175 .681
#> finR_3 .376 .265 .854 -.027 .307
#> finR_4 .237 .294 .382 .068 .759
#> finR_5 .382 .260 .875 -.037 .331
#> finR_6 .225 .329 .369 .193 .754
#> heaR_1 .499 .284 .303 .097 .102
#> heaR_2 .488 .250 .247 .140 .072
#> heaR_3 .487 .296 .279 .037 .077
#> heaR_4 .467 .315 .315 .005 .077
#> heaR_5 .399 .235 .156 .136 .039
#> heaR_6 .519 .402 .279 .181 .158
#> recR_1 .158 .453 .103 .304 .166
#> recR_2 .370 .601 .350 .007 .234
#> recR_3 .310 .666 .269 .134 .252
#> recR_4 .237 .820 .221 .118 .246
#> recR_5 .297 .788 .270 .069 .221
#> recR_6 .247 .674 .260 .165 .298
#> socR_1 -.089 .010 -.140 .631 .036
#> socR_2 .107 .164 .049 .678 .155
#> socR_3 -.143 .025 -.089 .626 .057
#> socR_4 .022 .152 .013 .617 .111
#> socR_5 .078 .197 .012 .409 .128
#> socR_6 .018 .120 .006 .553 .124
#>
#> ── Simple Structure Diagnostics ────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> Items with primary-loading gap < .200:
#> • heaR_4: F1 = .362, F2 = .163
#> • recR_1: F2 = .407, F4 = .217
#>
#>
#> ── Variances Accounted for ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
#> SS loadings 3.163 2.940 2.457 2.323 1.664
#> Prop Tot Var .105 .098 .082 .077 .055
#> Cum Prop Tot Var .105 .203 .285 .363 .418
#> Prop Comm Var .252 .234 .196 .185 .133
#> Cum Prop Comm Var .252 .486 .682 .867 1.000
#>
#> ── Model Fit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> χ²(295) = 3604.54, p < .001
#> CFI [95% bootstrap-CI]: .90 [.88, .90]
#> TLI [95% bootstrap-CI]: .85 [.82, .85]
#> RMSEA [90% CI] [95% bootstrap-CI]: .06 [.06; .06] [.06, .07]
#> AIC [95% bootstrap-CI]: 3014.54 [3034.98, 3700.48]
#> BIC [95% bootstrap-CI]: 1230.81 [1251.25, 1916.74]
#> ECVI [95% bootstrap-CI]: 1.26 [1.27, 1.48]
#> CAF [95% bootstrap-CI]: .43 [.43, .45]
#> SRMR [95% bootstrap-CI]: .03 [.03, .04]
#>
#> Note: Bootstrap CIs based on 1000 bootstrap samples.
#>
#> ── Residual Diagnostics ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> Residual cutoff: |r| > .100
#> Number of large residuals: 7
#> Largest absolute residual: .246
#>
#> Largest residuals:
#> • heaR_3 ~~ heaR_4: .246
#> • socR_5 ~~ socR_6: .190
#> • socR_2 ~~ socR_4: .145
#> • recR_4 ~~ recR_5: .138
#> • heaR_1 ~~ heaR_2: .135
#> • recR_2 ~~ recR_3: .126
#> • recR_1 ~~ recR_3: .112
#>
#> Inspect the residual matrix for details (e.g., with residuals()).
#inspect residuals with residuals()
residuals(mod)
#> ethR_1 ethR_2 ethR_3 ethR_4 ethR_5
#> ethR_1 0.000000000 0.001917900 0.040108892 -0.004369293 0.0398665165
#> ethR_2 0.001917900 0.000000000 0.051352421 -0.020431240 -0.0049432965
#> ethR_3 0.040108892 0.051352421 0.000000000 0.081671450 0.0288816866
#> ethR_4 -0.004369293 -0.020431240 0.081671450 0.000000000 0.0333134696
#> ethR_5 0.039866516 -0.004943296 0.028881687 0.033313470 0.0000000000
#> ethR_6 0.040582204 0.026283483 0.045451543 0.028148654 0.0187892739
#> finR_1 0.011127001 -0.006434037 0.014244992 0.009379816 0.0025756998
#> finR_2 0.007553570 0.003705828 -0.015346586 0.017745381 0.0176036738
#> finR_3 0.006233461 0.003308877 0.001315340 0.009312468 0.0034944277
#> finR_4 -0.016624811 -0.014663125 -0.017356120 -0.016698471 -0.0174307052
#> finR_5 -0.008253207 0.003043777 -0.004687718 0.004285814 0.0092380807
#> finR_6 -0.009286029 -0.003710525 -0.006965509 -0.013539656 -0.0301850113
#> heaR_1 0.004974977 0.008362143 -0.055877276 0.007132089 0.0010127739
#> heaR_2 -0.051382944 0.055166643 -0.070562208 -0.036727809 -0.0331374434
#> heaR_3 -0.009722443 -0.049225313 -0.048069933 -0.053699783 -0.0525275083
#> heaR_4 -0.033039266 -0.008960232 -0.015555165 -0.039907169 -0.0221866252
#> heaR_5 -0.032668820 -0.078643755 -0.046817302 0.042178950 -0.0501148566
#> heaR_6 -0.032441690 -0.012615309 -0.084461320 -0.064144574 -0.0056842306
#> recR_1 0.017147769 -0.020116010 -0.023082309 -0.018232276 -0.0215745628
#> recR_2 -0.007842344 -0.019216095 0.026180249 -0.018337407 0.0005967783
#> recR_3 0.021362240 -0.023522516 0.007777952 0.023306876 -0.0194801181
#> recR_4 -0.001484183 0.019319313 0.023063507 0.031611175 0.0222081232
#> recR_5 -0.005969560 0.014000848 0.020587445 0.031114695 0.0168276523
#> recR_6 0.020948069 0.027890355 0.015363854 -0.029059999 0.0169438153
#> socR_1 0.000806860 -0.012454706 -0.018900098 0.029253015 0.0035232684
#> socR_2 0.011740426 0.004707613 0.012154624 -0.002292166 0.0282698252
#> socR_3 0.022990996 -0.005414545 0.026565990 0.025314359 -0.0142255346
#> socR_4 0.022463180 0.006149984 0.042415994 -0.019458508 0.0157348216
#> socR_5 -0.015092819 0.014061796 0.002213433 -0.012377440 0.0357737850
#> socR_6 -0.014824816 0.030629268 0.024031868 0.039389116 -0.0112568151
#> ethR_6 finR_1 finR_2 finR_3 finR_4
#> ethR_1 0.040582204 1.112700e-02 0.0075535698 6.233461e-03 -0.0166248106
#> ethR_2 0.026283483 -6.434037e-03 0.0037058276 3.308877e-03 -0.0146631253
#> ethR_3 0.045451543 1.424499e-02 -0.0153465862 1.315340e-03 -0.0173561198
#> ethR_4 0.028148654 9.379816e-03 0.0177453811 9.312468e-03 -0.0166984712
#> ethR_5 0.018789274 2.575700e-03 0.0176036738 3.494428e-03 -0.0174307052
#> ethR_6 0.000000000 -5.662428e-03 -0.0162175434 -1.021181e-03 -0.0043617571
#> finR_1 -0.005662428 0.000000e+00 0.0087004974 8.088778e-05 -0.0056161652
#> finR_2 -0.016217543 8.700497e-03 0.0000000000 2.498766e-03 0.0008717529
#> finR_3 -0.001021181 8.088778e-05 0.0024987657 0.000000e+00 -0.0069266835
#> finR_4 -0.004361757 -5.616165e-03 0.0008717529 -6.926684e-03 0.0000000000
#> finR_5 0.025056099 3.481751e-03 0.0004844848 3.513079e-03 0.0041242424
#> finR_6 -0.016470431 -1.355540e-02 -0.0082524593 2.963681e-03 0.0214543731
#> heaR_1 -0.018433909 1.792687e-02 0.0036649145 8.985145e-04 0.0137070190
#> heaR_2 -0.016470837 -2.387765e-02 0.0155659428 6.578785e-03 0.0077781862
#> heaR_3 -0.038071233 -1.429450e-02 -0.0123412149 -7.788520e-03 0.0336364625
#> heaR_4 -0.060952599 -3.754424e-03 -0.0399518832 -6.037476e-03 0.0222389062
#> heaR_5 -0.065972829 -6.846799e-03 -0.0034835004 -8.308590e-03 0.0246854909
#> heaR_6 -0.003199119 -7.804742e-03 0.0103726863 -5.704013e-03 0.0123496532
#> recR_1 -0.037810992 6.736902e-03 0.0258254704 5.928581e-03 -0.0112643878
#> recR_2 -0.032039516 1.226022e-02 0.0006634646 -1.310808e-02 0.0020501320
#> recR_3 -0.016986859 -3.360832e-03 0.0081716557 -1.803331e-03 -0.0009082108
#> recR_4 0.041721475 -9.301009e-03 -0.0062789188 9.980389e-03 0.0062924215
#> recR_5 0.035964591 4.251960e-04 -0.0071195012 9.512968e-03 0.0011034225
#> recR_6 0.010031264 6.759023e-03 0.0046234751 -3.828882e-03 -0.0324267549
#> socR_1 0.016903089 2.591499e-03 0.0336329043 7.609381e-03 0.0021701495
#> socR_2 -0.001469726 1.023220e-03 0.0135078560 6.453198e-03 -0.0085522565
#> socR_3 0.012457428 -3.306203e-03 -0.0127767504 9.893865e-03 -0.0147403651
#> socR_4 -0.001954184 -7.945136e-03 -0.0248892504 -1.207073e-02 0.0125020724
#> socR_5 0.043324097 2.112184e-02 0.0038245550 -1.807369e-02 -0.0084601186
#> socR_6 0.011257520 7.598876e-03 -0.0343169613 -1.676189e-03 -0.0055715620
#> finR_5 finR_6 heaR_1 heaR_2 heaR_3
#> ethR_1 -0.0082532069 -0.009286029 0.0049749766 -0.051382944 -0.009722443
#> ethR_2 0.0030437766 -0.003710525 0.0083621430 0.055166643 -0.049225313
#> ethR_3 -0.0046877178 -0.006965509 -0.0558772764 -0.070562208 -0.048069933
#> ethR_4 0.0042858140 -0.013539656 0.0071320887 -0.036727809 -0.053699783
#> ethR_5 0.0092380807 -0.030185011 0.0010127739 -0.033137443 -0.052527508
#> ethR_6 0.0250560991 -0.016470431 -0.0184339094 -0.016470837 -0.038071233
#> finR_1 0.0034817509 -0.013555401 0.0179268693 -0.023877654 -0.014294500
#> finR_2 0.0004844848 -0.008252459 0.0036649145 0.015565943 -0.012341215
#> finR_3 0.0035130791 0.002963681 0.0008985145 0.006578785 -0.007788520
#> finR_4 0.0041242424 0.021454373 0.0137070190 0.007778186 0.033636462
#> finR_5 0.0000000000 -0.004350617 -0.0025399943 0.008688334 -0.019196171
#> finR_6 -0.0043506174 0.000000000 -0.0086512606 0.010828029 0.032742317
#> heaR_1 -0.0025399943 -0.008651261 0.0000000000 0.134744470 -0.037917070
#> heaR_2 0.0086883342 0.010828029 0.1347444696 0.000000000 0.011495127
#> heaR_3 -0.0191961710 0.032742317 -0.0379170701 0.011495127 0.000000000
#> heaR_4 -0.0181459685 0.042817995 -0.0879544260 -0.039913629 0.246048416
#> heaR_5 0.0024835494 0.017695385 0.0069554472 0.053177695 0.097486673
#> heaR_6 -0.0048411017 0.019469864 0.0400415933 0.048970234 0.042177257
#> recR_1 -0.0133250238 -0.010110995 0.0385149082 0.042181093 -0.028311370
#> recR_2 -0.0099501705 -0.006382334 0.0042557158 -0.019267980 0.014913165
#> recR_3 -0.0019269895 -0.019009983 0.0077593475 -0.004347081 -0.016209104
#> recR_4 0.0175468561 -0.011312022 0.0020271649 -0.007770894 -0.032917255
#> recR_5 0.0074957437 -0.001280454 0.0126984498 -0.010735757 -0.019892255
#> recR_6 -0.0004331486 0.016610161 -0.0481764605 -0.020457964 -0.015608539
#> socR_1 0.0077225903 -0.026656401 0.0290091620 0.018385833 -0.016464714
#> socR_2 -0.0080895488 -0.008773788 -0.0175637498 -0.010818655 -0.007281367
#> socR_3 0.0009902625 0.013650169 -0.0130447670 -0.033653184 -0.007074495
#> socR_4 0.0071285248 -0.004181445 -0.0559959050 -0.022965887 0.002606382
#> socR_5 -0.0009945018 -0.010899600 0.0065224503 -0.018230312 -0.021953959
#> socR_6 0.0002060683 0.019249072 -0.0149986602 -0.047981027 -0.004447033
#> heaR_4 heaR_5 heaR_6 recR_1 recR_2
#> ethR_1 -0.033039266 -0.032668820 -3.244169e-02 0.017147769 -0.0078423438
#> ethR_2 -0.008960232 -0.078643755 -1.261531e-02 -0.020116010 -0.0192160948
#> ethR_3 -0.015555165 -0.046817302 -8.446132e-02 -0.023082309 0.0261802488
#> ethR_4 -0.039907169 0.042178950 -6.414457e-02 -0.018232276 -0.0183374073
#> ethR_5 -0.022186625 -0.050114857 -5.684231e-03 -0.021574563 0.0005967783
#> ethR_6 -0.060952599 -0.065972829 -3.199119e-03 -0.037810992 -0.0320395160
#> finR_1 -0.003754424 -0.006846799 -7.804742e-03 0.006736902 0.0122602201
#> finR_2 -0.039951883 -0.003483500 1.037269e-02 0.025825470 0.0006634646
#> finR_3 -0.006037476 -0.008308590 -5.704013e-03 0.005928581 -0.0131080830
#> finR_4 0.022238906 0.024685491 1.234965e-02 -0.011264388 0.0020501320
#> finR_5 -0.018145969 0.002483549 -4.841102e-03 -0.013325024 -0.0099501705
#> finR_6 0.042817995 0.017695385 1.946986e-02 -0.010110995 -0.0063823343
#> heaR_1 -0.087954426 0.006955447 4.004159e-02 0.038514908 0.0042557158
#> heaR_2 -0.039913629 0.053177695 4.897023e-02 0.042181093 -0.0192679799
#> heaR_3 0.246048416 0.097486673 4.217726e-02 -0.028311370 0.0149131647
#> heaR_4 0.000000000 0.055890567 5.212824e-02 -0.017062157 0.0235172951
#> heaR_5 0.055890567 0.000000000 8.871116e-02 0.064718883 0.0069543311
#> heaR_6 0.052128236 0.088711156 1.110223e-16 0.027034056 0.0055630715
#> recR_1 -0.017062157 0.064718883 2.703406e-02 0.000000000 0.0421381687
#> recR_2 0.023517295 0.006954331 5.563072e-03 0.042138169 0.0000000000
#> recR_3 -0.007880619 -0.013439695 -4.224870e-03 0.111561108 0.1261749511
#> recR_4 -0.049565941 -0.032687726 -3.943762e-02 -0.055618813 -0.0780319200
#> recR_5 -0.034115104 -0.030578343 -3.527430e-02 -0.068601722 -0.0419724053
#> recR_6 0.025719839 -0.016720314 1.185086e-02 0.001496346 -0.0186880385
#> socR_1 -0.033283387 0.022437892 -2.180810e-02 0.044539945 -0.0412132854
#> socR_2 -0.001017746 -0.031734973 8.396766e-03 -0.039516034 -0.0069896378
#> socR_3 -0.010388111 -0.003901592 -2.037909e-02 0.006296804 0.0025600487
#> socR_4 0.021094419 -0.028690233 -3.687410e-02 -0.047504630 0.0200855865
#> socR_5 -0.021543520 -0.046676390 1.558664e-02 -0.010229610 0.0044973282
#> socR_6 0.014141631 -0.015473321 -3.594436e-02 -0.016774432 0.0080663135
#> recR_3 recR_4 recR_5 recR_6 socR_1
#> ethR_1 0.0213622398 -0.001484183 -0.005969560 0.0209480687 0.000806860
#> ethR_2 -0.0235225161 0.019319313 0.014000848 0.0278903547 -0.012454706
#> ethR_3 0.0077779521 0.023063507 0.020587445 0.0153638536 -0.018900098
#> ethR_4 0.0233068757 0.031611175 0.031114695 -0.0290599989 0.029253015
#> ethR_5 -0.0194801181 0.022208123 0.016827652 0.0169438153 0.003523268
#> ethR_6 -0.0169868588 0.041721475 0.035964591 0.0100312645 0.016903089
#> finR_1 -0.0033608324 -0.009301009 0.000425196 0.0067590234 0.002591499
#> finR_2 0.0081716557 -0.006278919 -0.007119501 0.0046234751 0.033632904
#> finR_3 -0.0018033305 0.009980389 0.009512968 -0.0038288824 0.007609381
#> finR_4 -0.0009082108 0.006292421 0.001103423 -0.0324267549 0.002170150
#> finR_5 -0.0019269895 0.017546856 0.007495744 -0.0004331486 0.007722590
#> finR_6 -0.0190099832 -0.011312022 -0.001280454 0.0166101608 -0.026656401
#> heaR_1 0.0077593475 0.002027165 0.012698450 -0.0481764605 0.029009162
#> heaR_2 -0.0043470811 -0.007770894 -0.010735757 -0.0204579636 0.018385833
#> heaR_3 -0.0162091043 -0.032917255 -0.019892255 -0.0156085389 -0.016464714
#> heaR_4 -0.0078806194 -0.049565941 -0.034115104 0.0257198393 -0.033283387
#> heaR_5 -0.0134396946 -0.032687726 -0.030578343 -0.0167203136 0.022437892
#> heaR_6 -0.0042248703 -0.039437617 -0.035274302 0.0118508646 -0.021808098
#> recR_1 0.1115611075 -0.055618813 -0.068601722 0.0014963460 0.044539945
#> recR_2 0.1261749511 -0.078031920 -0.041972405 -0.0186880385 -0.041213285
#> recR_3 0.0000000000 -0.053595869 -0.055836248 -0.0213043578 -0.010111162
#> recR_4 -0.0535958689 0.000000000 0.137872527 0.0330606581 0.029515654
#> recR_5 -0.0558362477 0.137872527 0.000000000 -0.0109558586 0.023221232
#> recR_6 -0.0213043578 0.033060658 -0.010955859 0.0000000000 -0.026975186
#> socR_1 -0.0101111620 0.029515654 0.023221232 -0.0269751862 0.000000000
#> socR_2 -0.0123831450 0.012569973 0.014029092 0.0146278708 0.020978578
#> socR_3 0.0060424204 0.007252597 0.008578265 -0.0056401178 0.016892154
#> socR_4 0.0079666116 0.009953444 0.013416691 0.0030085594 -0.007201901
#> socR_5 -0.0098534841 0.005302550 0.005317443 0.0096070343 -0.035147268
#> socR_6 -0.0087257570 -0.004799737 -0.005134521 0.0245081413 -0.041987581
#> socR_2 socR_3 socR_4 socR_5 socR_6
#> ethR_1 0.011740426 0.0229909965 0.022463180 -0.0150928195 -0.0148248156
#> ethR_2 0.004707613 -0.0054145448 0.006149984 0.0140617960 0.0306292675
#> ethR_3 0.012154624 0.0265659898 0.042415994 0.0022134330 0.0240318676
#> ethR_4 -0.002292166 0.0253143591 -0.019458508 -0.0123774402 0.0393891165
#> ethR_5 0.028269825 -0.0142255346 0.015734822 0.0357737850 -0.0112568151
#> ethR_6 -0.001469726 0.0124574284 -0.001954184 0.0433240972 0.0112575195
#> finR_1 0.001023220 -0.0033062026 -0.007945136 0.0211218369 0.0075988760
#> finR_2 0.013507856 -0.0127767504 -0.024889250 0.0038245550 -0.0343169613
#> finR_3 0.006453198 0.0098938651 -0.012070727 -0.0180736894 -0.0016761891
#> finR_4 -0.008552257 -0.0147403651 0.012502072 -0.0084601186 -0.0055715620
#> finR_5 -0.008089549 0.0009902625 0.007128525 -0.0009945018 0.0002060683
#> finR_6 -0.008773788 0.0136501691 -0.004181445 -0.0108995999 0.0192490722
#> heaR_1 -0.017563750 -0.0130447670 -0.055995905 0.0065224503 -0.0149986602
#> heaR_2 -0.010818655 -0.0336531842 -0.022965887 -0.0182303123 -0.0479810272
#> heaR_3 -0.007281367 -0.0070744948 0.002606382 -0.0219539593 -0.0044470326
#> heaR_4 -0.001017746 -0.0103881110 0.021094419 -0.0215435205 0.0141416308
#> heaR_5 -0.031734973 -0.0039015921 -0.028690233 -0.0466763899 -0.0154733205
#> heaR_6 0.008396766 -0.0203790939 -0.036874099 0.0155866360 -0.0359443552
#> recR_1 -0.039516034 0.0062968042 -0.047504630 -0.0102296095 -0.0167744324
#> recR_2 -0.006989638 0.0025600487 0.020085587 0.0044973282 0.0080663135
#> recR_3 -0.012383145 0.0060424204 0.007966612 -0.0098534841 -0.0087257570
#> recR_4 0.012569973 0.0072525969 0.009953444 0.0053025504 -0.0047997375
#> recR_5 0.014029092 0.0085782650 0.013416691 0.0053174428 -0.0051345215
#> recR_6 0.014627871 -0.0056401178 0.003008559 0.0096070343 0.0245081413
#> socR_1 0.020978578 0.0168921541 -0.007201901 -0.0351472685 -0.0419875805
#> socR_2 0.000000000 -0.0474000959 0.145138599 -0.0500357905 -0.0589002183
#> socR_3 -0.047400096 0.0000000000 -0.007743223 -0.0054711753 0.0775383760
#> socR_4 0.145138599 -0.0077432234 0.000000000 -0.0483059742 -0.0487076115
#> socR_5 -0.050035791 -0.0054711753 -0.048305974 0.0000000000 0.1897359371
#> socR_6 -0.058900218 0.0775383760 -0.048707612 0.1897359371 0.0000000000
# DWLS estimation based on polychoric correlations, with robust sandwich SEs
mod <- efa_fit(GRiPS_raw, n_factors = 1, estimator = "dwls", cor_method = "poly",
se = "sandwich")
#> ℹ `x` is not a correlation matrix; computing correlations from the raw data.
#> Warning: Some response-category combinations are empty despite a non-negligible expected
#> count.
#> ℹ The polychoric asymptotic covariance (and any DWLS weights or robust standard
#> errors derived from it) can be unreliable for such structurally sparse cells;
#> interpret them with caution.
mod
#>
#> EFA performed with estimator = 'DWLS' and rotation = 'none'.
#>
#> ── Unrotated Loadings ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1 h2 u2
#> fun .818 .669 .331
#> friends .855 .731 .269
#> enjoy .893 .797 .203
#> hurt .775 .601 .399
#> part .824 .679 .321
#> commonly .843 .711 .289
#> chances .817 .668 .332
#> attracted .859 .738 .262
#>
#> ── Variances Accounted for ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1
#> SS loadings 5.594
#> Prop Tot Var .699
#>
#> ── Model Fit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> scaled χ²(20) = 237.21, p < .001
#> CFI: .99
#> TLI: .99
#> RMSEA [90% CI]: .12 [.10; .13]
#> AIC: NA
#> BIC: NA
#> CAF: .49
#> SRMR: .02
summary(mod)
#>
#> EFA performed with estimator = 'DWLS' and rotation = 'none'.
#>
#> ── Model Diagnostics ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> Factors: 1
#> Variables: 8
#> N: 810
#> Heywood cases: 0
#> Cross-loading items (|loading| >= .300): 0
#> Items without salient loading (|loading| >= .300): 0
#> Factors with fewer than 3 salient indicators: 0
#> Items with primary-loading gap < .200: 0
#> Largest |residual|: .038
#>
#> ── Unrotated Loadings ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1 h2 u2
#> fun .818 .669 .331
#> friends .855 .731 .269
#> enjoy .893 .797 .203
#> hurt .775 .601 .399
#> part .824 .679 .321
#> commonly .843 .711 .289
#> chances .817 .668 .332
#> attracted .859 .738 .262
#>
#> ── 95% Wald CIs for salient unrotated loadings ─────────────────────────────────
#>
#> Variable Factor est lower upper
#> fun F1 .818 .798 .838
#> friends F1 .855 .835 .875
#> enjoy F1 .893 .875 .910
#> hurt F1 .775 .750 .800
#> part F1 .824 .802 .846
#> commonly F1 .843 .825 .861
#> chances F1 .817 .795 .840
#> attracted F1 .859 .842 .877
#>
#> ── Variances Accounted for ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1
#> SS loadings 5.594
#> Prop Tot Var .699
#>
#> ── Model Fit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> scaled χ²(20) = 237.21, p < .001
#> CFI: .99
#> TLI: .99
#> RMSEA [90% CI]: .12 [.10; .13]
#> AIC: NA
#> BIC: NA
#> CAF: .49
#> SRMR: .02
#>
#> Note: Wald CIs from the robust (Godambe) sandwich covariance.
#>
#> ── Residual Diagnostics ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> Residual cutoff: |r| > .100
#> Number of large residuals: 0
#> Largest absolute residual: .038
#>
#> No absolute residuals > .100 occurred.
#>
#> Inspect the residual matrix for details (e.g., with residuals()).Correlation Input
When you don’t have raw data available, you can enter a correlation matrix and sample size. With ML-estimation, you can still get information SEs, but note that they assume multivariate normality.
# ML estimation with oblimin rotation and information SEs, based on correlation
# matrix and N
mod <- efa_fit(test_models$baseline$cormat, N = 500, n_factors = 3, estimator = "ml",
rotation = "oblimin", se = "information")
mod
#>
#> EFA performed with estimator = 'ML' and rotation = 'oblimin'.
#>
#> ── Rotated Loadings ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1 F2 F3 h2 u2
#> V1 -.036 .043 .607 .373 .627
#> V2 .013 .087 .458 .274 .726
#> V3 .074 .074 .430 .280 .720
#> V4 .111 .007 .536 .379 .621
#> V5 .164 .005 .418 .290 .710
#> V6 -.055 -.036 .687 .402 .598
#> V7 .017 .524 .095 .355 .645
#> V8 -.003 .562 .044 .345 .655
#> V9 .044 .535 .017 .328 .672
#> V10 -.019 .661 -.051 .385 .615
#> V11 .030 .352 .230 .296 .704
#> V12 .034 .649 -.015 .437 .563
#> V13 .612 .095 -.068 .397 .603
#> V14 .540 -.053 .086 .320 .680
#> V15 .552 .137 -.065 .363 .637
#> V16 .550 -.039 .092 .345 .655
#> V17 .652 -.035 -.013 .390 .610
#> V18 .549 .012 .052 .349 .651
#>
#> ── Factor Intercorrelations ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1 F2 F3
#> F1 1.000
#> F2 .591 1.000
#> F3 .621 .596 1.000
#>
#> ── Variances Accounted for ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1 F2 F3
#> SS loadings 2.225 2.088 1.994
#> Prop Tot Var .124 .116 .111
#> Cum Prop Tot Var .124 .240 .350
#> Prop Comm Var .353 .331 .316
#> Cum Prop Comm Var .353 .684 1.000
#>
#> ── Model Fit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> χ²(102) = 123.75, p = .070
#> CFI: .99
#> TLI: .98
#> RMSEA [90% CI]: .02 [.00; .03]
#> AIC: -80.25
#> BIC: -510.14
#> ECVI: 0.52
#> CAF: .50
#> SRMR: .03
summary(mod)
#>
#> EFA performed with estimator = 'ML' and rotation = 'oblimin'.
#>
#> ── Model Diagnostics ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> Factors: 3
#> Variables: 18
#> N: 500
#> Rotation local optima: 1 distinct from 6 of 101 starts
#> Heywood cases: 0
#> Cross-loading items (|loading| >= .300): 0
#> Items without salient loading (|loading| >= .300): 0
#> Factors with fewer than 3 salient indicators: 0
#> Items with primary-loading gap < .200: 1
#> Largest |residual|: .069
#> Factor intercorrelations > .85: none
#>
#> ── Rotated Loadings ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1 F2 F3 h2 u2
#> V1 -.036 .043 .607 .373 .627
#> V2 .013 .087 .458 .274 .726
#> V3 .074 .074 .430 .280 .720
#> V4 .111 .007 .536 .379 .621
#> V5 .164 .005 .418 .290 .710
#> V6 -.055 -.036 .687 .402 .598
#> V7 .017 .524 .095 .355 .645
#> V8 -.003 .562 .044 .345 .655
#> V9 .044 .535 .017 .328 .672
#> V10 -.019 .661 -.051 .385 .615
#> V11 .030 .352 .230 .296 .704
#> V12 .034 .649 -.015 .437 .563
#> V13 .612 .095 -.068 .397 .603
#> V14 .540 -.053 .086 .320 .680
#> V15 .552 .137 -.065 .363 .637
#> V16 .550 -.039 .092 .345 .655
#> V17 .652 -.035 -.013 .390 .610
#> V18 .549 .012 .052 .349 .651
#>
#> ── 95% Wald CIs for salient rotated loadings ───────────────────────────────────
#>
#> Variable Factor est lower upper
#> V13 F1 .612 .488 .736
#> V14 F1 .540 .411 .669
#> V15 F1 .552 .423 .681
#> V16 F1 .550 .421 .679
#> V17 F1 .652 .535 .769
#> V18 F1 .549 .420 .679
#> V7 F2 .524 .394 .653
#> V8 F2 .562 .437 .687
#> V9 F2 .535 .407 .662
#> V10 F2 .661 .548 .773
#> V11 F2 .352 .211 .493
#> V12 F2 .649 .529 .770
#> V1 F3 .607 .474 .739
#> V2 F3 .458 .313 .604
#> V3 F3 .430 .282 .578
#> V4 F3 .536 .395 .677
#> V5 F3 .418 .269 .567
#> V6 F3 .687 .570 .805
#>
#> ── Factor Intercorrelations ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1 F2 F3
#> F1 1.000
#> F2 .591 1.000
#> F3 .621 .596 1.000
#>
#> ── 95% Wald CIs for factor intercorrelations ───────────────────────────────────
#>
#> Factors est lower upper
#> F1 ~~ F2 .591 .499 .683
#> F1 ~~ F3 .621 .531 .712
#> F2 ~~ F3 .596 .503 .690
#>
#> ── Structure Matrix ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1 F2 F3
#> V1 .366 .384 .610
#> V2 .349 .367 .518
#> V3 .385 .374 .520
#> V4 .448 .392 .609
#> V5 .427 .351 .523
#> V6 .350 .341 .631
#> V7 .385 .590 .418
#> V8 .357 .587 .377
#> V9 .371 .571 .363
#> V10 .339 .619 .331
#> V11 .381 .507 .459
#> V12 .409 .661 .393
#> V13 .626 .416 .369
#> V14 .562 .317 .390
#> V15 .593 .425 .360
#> V16 .584 .341 .410
#> V17 .623 .343 .371
#> V18 .589 .368 .401
#>
#> ── Simple Structure Diagnostics ────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> Items with primary-loading gap < .200:
#> • V11: F2 = .352, F3 = .230
#>
#>
#> ── Variances Accounted for ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> F1 F2 F3
#> SS loadings 2.225 2.088 1.994
#> Prop Tot Var .124 .116 .111
#> Cum Prop Tot Var .124 .240 .350
#> Prop Comm Var .353 .331 .316
#> Cum Prop Comm Var .353 .684 1.000
#>
#> ── Model Fit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> χ²(102) = 123.75, p = .070
#> CFI: .99
#> TLI: .98
#> RMSEA [90% CI]: .02 [.00; .03]
#> AIC: -80.25
#> BIC: -510.14
#> ECVI: 0.52
#> CAF: .50
#> SRMR: .03
#>
#> ── Residual Diagnostics ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>
#> Residual cutoff: |r| > .100
#> Number of large residuals: 0
#> Largest absolute residual: .069
#>
#> No absolute residuals > .100 occurred.
#>
#> Inspect the residual matrix for details (e.g., with residuals()).Citation
If you use this package in your research, please acknowledge it by citing:
Steiner, M.D., & Grieder, S.G. (2020). EFAtools: An R package with fast and flexible implementations of exploratory factor analysis tools. Journal of Open Source Software, 5(53), 2521. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02521
Contribute or Report Bugs
If you want to contribute or report bugs, please open an issue on GitHub or email us at markus.d.steiner@gmail.com or silvia.steiner.grieder@gmail.com.