EvoRAG (version 2.0)

MScorrection: Correct for finite sample size in Euclidean distances given known variances in each sample

Description

Correct for finite sample size in Euclidean distances given known variances in each sample

Usage

MScorrection(nA, nB, VarA, VarB, MSwithin = NA, DIST_actual)

Arguments

nA

The number of individuals sampled in species A

nB

The number of individuals sampled in species B

VarA

Sample variance for species A

VarB

Sample variance for species B

MSwithin

Alternatively, if MSwithin (e.g. the error mean squared; see Sokal & Rohlf 1995 pg 214) is available, this can be used instead of VarA and VarB

DIST_actual

The uncorrected Euclidean distance between species A and B

Value

Details

Euclidean distances are generally biased upwards by sampling and measurement error within species. This bias is typically large when few individuals are measured and the true Euclidean distance between species is small. Here I use a correction based on the ANOVA (Weir & Wheatcroft 2011) that corrects the expected bias in Euclidean distances (for full details see Weir & Whatcroft 2011, Weir et al. 2012). Corrected Euclidean distances can be used with other functions in this package. Alternatively, measurement error can be included directly in likelihood functions in model.test.sister.

References

Weir JT, D Wheatcroft, & T Price. 2012. The role of ecological constraint in driving the evolution of avian song frequency across a latitudinal gradient. Evolution 66, 2773-2783.

Weir JT, & D Wheatcroft. 2011. A latitudinal gradient in rates of evolution of avian syllable diversity and song length. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 278, 1713-1720.

Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. J. 1995 Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research, 3rd edn. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman & Co page 214.

See Also

MScorrection_MSwithin

Examples

     data(bird.pitch)
     attach(bird.pitch)
     DIST_cor <- MScorrection(nA=bird.pitch$number_individuals_Species1,
        nB=bird.pitch$number_individuals_Species2, 
        VarA=bird.pitch$Variance_PC1and2_Species1, 
        VarB=bird.pitch$Variance_PC1and2_Species2, MSwithin = NA,		
        DIST_actual=bird.pitch$Uncorrected_Euclidean_Distance)