Series of negative log-returns of the U.S. stock market index Standard and Poor 500.
A \(8784*2\) data frame.
From the series of n = 8785 closing prices \(S_{t}\), \(t=1,2,...\), for the Standard and Poor 500 stock market index, recorded from January 29, 1985 to December 12, 2019, the series of negative log-returns.
\( X_{t+1} = - \log(S_{t+1}/S_t), \quad 1\leq t\leq n-1\)
is available. Hence the dataset (negative log-returns) contains \(8784\) observations.