gul_simulation

Generates one synthetic data set, estimates loadings with the GUL, and evaluates estimation accuracy.

Implements general unilateral loading estimator for two-layer latent factor models with smooth, element-wise factor transformations. We provide data simulation, loading estimation,finite-sample error bounds, and diagnostic tools for zero-mean and sub-Gaussian assumptions. A unified interface is given for evaluating estimation accuracy and cosine similarity. The philosophy of the package is described in Guo G. (2026) <doi:10.1016/j.apm.2025.116280>.

Guangbao Guo

GulFM

General Unilateral Load Estimator for Two-Layer Latent Factor
Models

gul_simulation function

<dl><dt>n</dt>
<dd>Integer: sample size.</dd>
<dt>p</dt>
<dd>Integer: number of observed variables.</dd>
<dt>m</dt>
<dd>Integer: number of latent factors (both layers).</dd>
<dt>g_fun</dt>
<dd>Function: element-wise, smooth transformation applied to the
latent factors (e.g. `tanh`, `sin`).</dd></dl>

Arguments

Single-replication GUL simulation — gul_simulation

<dl>

<dt>n</dt>
<dd>Integer: sample size.</dd>


<dt>p</dt>
<dd>Integer: number of observed variables.</dd>


<dt>m</dt>
<dd>Integer: number of latent factors (both layers).</dd>


<dt>g_fun</dt>
<dd>Function: element-wise, smooth transformation applied to the
latent factors (e.g. `tanh`, `sin`).</dd>

</dl>

gul_simulation: Single-replication GUL simulation

Description

Usage

Value

Arguments

Examples