HotDeckImputation (version 1.1.0)

impute.SEQ_HD: Sequential Hot-Deck Imputation

Description

Resolves missing data by sequential Hot-Deck Imputation.

Usage

impute.SEQ_HD(DATA = NULL, initialvalues = 0, navalues = NA, modifyinplace = TRUE)

Arguments

DATA

Data containing missing values. Should be a matrix of integers.

initialvalues

The initial values for the start-up process of the imputation. Should be "integer" and length(initialvalues)==1 | length(initialvalues)==dim(DATA)[2]. The default of 0 is not normally a good value.

navalues

NA code for each variable that should be imputed. Should be "integer" and length(initialvalues)==1 | length(initialvalues)==dim(DATA)[2]. Default is R's NA value.

modifyinplace

Should DATA be modified in place? (See the Section: Warning.) If not, a copy is made.

Value

An imputed data matrix the same size as the input DATA.

Warning

If modifyinplace == FALSE DATA or rather the variable supplied is edited directly! This is significantly faster if the data set is large.

Details

This function imputes the missing values in any variable by replicating the most recently observed value in that variable.

References

Hanson, R.H. (1978) The Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology. Technical Paper No. 40 . U.S. Bureau of the Census.

Joenssen, D.W. (2015) Hot-Deck-Verfahren zur Imputation fehlender Daten -- Auswirkungen des Donor-Limits. Ilmenau: Ilmedia. [in German, Dissertation]

Joenssen, D.W. and Bankhofer, U. (2012) Donor Limited Hot Deck Imputation: Effects on Parameter Estimation. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Computer Science. 6, 58--70.

Joenssen, D.W. and Muellerleile, T. (2014) Fehlende Daten bei Data-Mining. HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik. 51, 458--468, 2014. doi: 10.1365/s40702-014-0038-8 [in German]

See Also

impute.CPS_SEQ_HD, impute.mean, impute.NN_HD

Examples

#Set the random seed to an arbitrary number
set.seed(421)

n<-1000
m<-5
pmiss<-.1


#Generate matrix of random integers
Y<-matrix(sample(0:9,replace=TRUE,size=n*m),nrow=n)

#generate 6 missing values, MCAR, in all but the first row
Y[-1,][sample(1:length(Y[-1,]),size=floor(pmiss*length(Y[-1,])))]<-NA

#perform the sequential imputation Y
impute.SEQ_HD(DATA=Y,initialvalues=0, navalues=NA, modifyinplace = FALSE)

####an example highlighting the modifyinplace option
#using cbind to show the results of the function and the intial data next to another
cbind(impute.SEQ_HD(DATA=Y,initialvalues=0, navalues=NA, modifyinplace = FALSE),Y)
#notice that columns 6-10 (representing Y) still have missing data

#same procedure, except modifyinplace is set to TRUE
cbind(impute.SEQ_HD(DATA=Y,initialvalues=0, navalues=NA, modifyinplace = TRUE),Y)
#notice that columns 6-10 (representing Y) are identical to columns 1-5, 
#Y has (and any Variables pointing to the same object have) been directly modified.