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LCPA (version 1.0.0)

print: S3 Methods: print

Description

Provides user-friendly, formatted console output for objects generated by the LCPA package. This generic function dispatches to class-specific methods that display concise summaries of model results, simulated datasets, fit indices, model comparisons, and standard errors. Designed for interactive use and quick diagnostic inspection.

Usage

# S3 method for LCA
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for summary.LCA
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for LPA
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for summary.LPA
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for LTA
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for summary.LTA
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for LCPA
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for summary.LCPA
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for sim.LCA
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for summary.sim.LCA
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for sim.LPA
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for summary.sim.LPA
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for sim.LTA
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for summary.sim.LTA
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for fit.index
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for summary.fit.index
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for compare.model
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for summary.compare.model
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for SE
print(x, digits = 4, I.max = 5, L.max = 3, ...)
# S3 method for summary.SE
print(x, ...)

Value

Invisibly returns the input object x. No data is modified.

Arguments

x

An object of one of the following classes:

  • Model objects: LCA, LPA, LCPA, LTA

  • Simulation objects: sim.LCA, sim.LPA, sim.LTA

  • Fit/comparison objects: get.fit.index, compare.model

  • Standard error objects: get.SE

  • Summary objects: summary.LCA, summary.LPA, summary.LCPA, summary.LTA, summary.sim.LCA, summary.sim.LPA, summary.sim.LTA, summary.fit.index, summary.compare.model, summary.SE

...

Additional arguments passed to methods (currently ignored in most cases).

digits

Number of decimal places for numeric output (default: varies by method, often 4). Used by: print.SE, print.summary.fit.index, print.summary.sim.LCA/LPA/LTA, print.summary.SE.

I.max

Maximum number of variables/items to display before truncation (default: varies, e.g., 5). Used by: print.SE, print.summary.sim.LCA/LPA/LTA.

L.max

Maximum number of latent classes/profiles to display before truncation (default: varies, e.g., 3). Used by: print.SE, print.summary.sim.LTA.

Methods (by class)

  • print(LCA): Print method for LCA objects

  • print(summary.LCA): Print method for summary.LCA objects

  • print(LPA): Print method for LPA objects

  • print(summary.LPA): Print method for summary.LPA objects

  • print(LTA): Print method for LTA objects

  • print(summary.LTA): Print method for summary.LTA objects

  • print(LCPA): Print method for LCPA objects

  • print(summary.LCPA): Print method for summary.LCPA objects

  • print(sim.LCA): Print method for sim.LCA objects

  • print(summary.sim.LCA): Print method for summary.sim.LCA objects

  • print(sim.LPA): Print method for sim.LPA objects

  • print(summary.sim.LPA): Print method for summary.sim.LPA objects

  • print(sim.LTA): Print method for sim.LTA objects

  • print(summary.sim.LTA): Print method for summary.sim.LTA objects

  • print(fit.index): Print method for fit.index objects

  • print(summary.fit.index): Print method for summary.fit.index objects

  • print(compare.model): Print method for compare.model objects

  • print(summary.compare.model): Print method for summary.compare.model objects

  • print(SE): Print method for SE objects

  • print(summary.SE): Print method for summary.SE objects

Output Conventions

  • Numeric values are typically rounded to 4 decimal places unless overridden by digits.

  • Large matrices (e.g., item parameters, transition coefficients) are truncated with clear messages.

  • Significance markers: *** (<0.001), ** (<0.01), * (<0.05), . (<0.1).

  • 95% confidence intervals computed as: Estimate ± 1.96 × Std_Error.

  • Reference classes (for multinomial models) are explicitly stated.

  • Warnings appear for unstable SEs (high condition number) or incomplete Bootstrap runs.

Details

Each method produces a structured, human-readable summary optimized for its object type:

Model Objects (LCA/LPA/LCPA/LTA)

Invokes summary() internally and prints comprehensive output including:

  • Model call and configuration (method, constraints, reference class)

  • Data characteristics (N, I, time points, distribution)

  • Fit statistics (LogLik, AIC, BIC, entropy, npar)

  • Class/profile prior probabilities and frequencies

  • Item-response probabilities (LCA) or profile means (LPA)

  • For LCPA/LTA: regression coefficients with significance markers and 95% CIs

  • Convergence diagnostics (iterations, tolerance, hardware)

  • Replication details (if nrep > 1)

Simulation Objects (sim.LCA/sim.LPA/sim.LTA)

Displays simulation design and true parameter structure:

  • Configuration (N, I, L, times, constraint, distribution)

  • True class/profile proportions and observed frequencies

  • For sim.LCA: item category structure and conditional probabilities

  • For sim.LPA: covariance constraint description and mean ranges

  • For sim.LTA: transition mode (fixed/covariate), initial/transition coefficients

Output is truncated for high-dimensional structures using I.max and L.max.

Fit Index Objects (fit.index)

Presents a clean table of model fit criteria:

  • Header with dimensions (N, I, L, npar)

  • Formatted table: AIC, BIC, SABIC, CAIC, AWE, -2LL, SIC

  • Interpretation note: “Lower values preferred for ICs”

  • Values rounded to digits decimal places

Model Comparison Objects (compare.model)

Compares two nested models with statistical tests:

  • Comparative fit table (npar, LogLik, AIC, BIC, entropy)

  • Classification quality (AvePP per class, overall entropy)

  • Bayes Factor with interpretive guidance

  • Likelihood ratio tests (standard, VLMR, Bootstrap) with p-values and significance codes

  • Clear section headers and visual separators

Standard Error Objects (SE)

Displays uncertainty estimates for model parameters:

  • Class probability SEs (always fully shown)

  • Profile means SEs (LPA) or item-response SEs (LCA), truncated by L.max/I.max

  • Covariance SE summary (non-zero count only; full access via extract())

  • Diagnostics: Bootstrap completion % or Hessian condition number with stability warnings

Summary Objects

All summary.* methods are called internally by their corresponding print.* methods. They pre-compute and structure output for consistent formatting. Direct calls are also supported.