Calculate the chi-squared statistic from observed and expected counts
using the Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949) approach.
Usage
LWchi2(obsn, expn, totn)
Arguments
obsn
A numeric vector of observed counts.
expn
A numeric vector of expected counts, the same length as obsn.
totn
A numeric vector of total counts possible, the same length as obsn.
Value
A list of length two.
The first element is a numeric vector of length three:
chistat, chi-squared statistic;
df, degrees of freedom; and
pval, P value.
The second element is a numeric vector the same length as obsn,
containing total contributions to the chi-squared. To get the
individual contributions to the chi-squared as reported in
Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949), divide by totn.
Details
The denominator of Litchfield and Wilcoxon's (1949) chi-squared estimate
is the minimum of the expn and (totn - expn)
following their Nomograph No. 1. This ensures that the same chi-squared
value is calculated regardless of which proportion is reported (e.g.,
affected vs. not affected).
References
Litchfield, JT Jr. and F Wilcoxon. 1949.
A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 96(2):99-113.
[link].