# cBind

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##### Versions of 'cbind' and 'rbind' recursively built on cbind2/rbind2

The base functions cbind and rbind are defined for an arbitrary number of arguments and hence have the first formal argument .... For that reason, in the past S4 methods could easily be defined for binding together matrices inheriting from Matrix.

For that reason, cbind2 and rbind2 have been provided for binding together two matrices, and we have defined methods for these and the 'Matrix'-matrices.

Before R version 3.2.0 (April 2015), we have needed a substitute for S4-enabled versions of cbind and rbind, and provided cBind and rBind with identical syntax and semantic in order to bind together multiple matrices ("matrix" or "Matrix" and vectors. With R version 3.2.0 and newer, cBind and rBind are deprecated and produce a deprecation warning (via .Deprecated), and your code should start using cbind() and rbind() instead.

Keywords
manip, array
##### Usage


cBind(..., deparse.level = 1)
rBind(..., deparse.level = 1)
##### Arguments

matrix-like R objects to be bound together, see cbind and rbind.

deparse.level

integer determining under which circumstances column and row names are built from the actual arguments' ‘expression’, see cbind.

##### Details

The implementation of these is recursive, calling cbind2 or rbind2 respectively, where these have methods defined and so should dispatch appropriately.

##### Value

typically a ‘matrix-like’ object of a similar class as the first argument in ….

Note that sometimes by default, the result is a '>sparseMatrix if one of the arguments is (even in the case where this is not efficient). In other cases, the result is chosen to be sparse when there are more zero entries is than non-zero ones (as the default sparse in Matrix()).

cbind2, cbind, Documentation in base R's methods package .

• cBind
• rBind
##### Examples
# NOT RUN {
(a <- matrix(c(2:1,1:2), 2,2))
D <- Diagonal(2)
if(getRversion() < "3.2.0") {
M1 <- cbind(0, rBind(a, 7))

M2 <- cBind(4, a, D, -1, D, 0) # a sparse Matrix
print(M2)

} else { ## newer versions of R do not need cBind / rBind:

M1 <- cbind(0, suppressWarnings(rBind(a, 7)))

M2 <- suppressWarnings(cBind(4, a, D, -1, D, 0)) # a sparse Matrix
print(M2)

stopifnot(identical(M1, cbind(0, rbind(a, 7))),
identical(M2, cbind(4, a, D, -1, D, 0)))
}# R >= 3.2.0
# }

Documentation reproduced from package Matrix, version 1.2-18, License: GPL (>= 2) | file LICENCE

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