Calculates the upper confidence limits for observed numbers of events using Byar's method (1).
byars_upper(x, confidence = 0.95)
Returns upper confidence limits for observed numbers of events using Byar's method (1)
the observed numbers of events; numeric vector; no default
the required level of confidence expressed as a number between 0.9 and 1 or a number between 90 and 100 or can be a vector of 0.95 and 0.998, for example, to output both 95 percent and 99.8 percent percent CIs; numeric; default 0.95
This is an internal package function that is appropriately called by exported
'phe_' prefixed functions within the PHEindicatormethods package.
byars_lower
and byars_upper
together return symmetric confidence
intervals around counts, therefore
for a specified confidence level, \(\alpha\), the probability that, by chance, the upper limit returned
will be below the true underlying value, is \(\alpha\)/2.
(1) Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical methods in cancer research, volume II: The design and analysis of cohort studies. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organisation; 1987.