codominant function recodifies a variable having genotypes depending on the allelic frequency
in descending order.
dominant, recessive, and overdominant functions collapse the three categories of a given SNP
into two categories as follows: Let 'AA', 'Aa', and 'aa' be the three genotypes. After determining
the most frequent allele (let's suppose that 'A' is the major allele) the functions return a vector
with to categories as follows. dominant: 'AA' and 'Aa-aa'; recessive: 'AA-Aa' and 'aa';
overdominant: 'AA-aa' vs 'Aa'.
additive function creates a numerical variable, 1, 2, 3 corresponding to the three genotypes sorted
out by descending allelic frequency (this model is referred as log-additive).