SSDforR (version 1.1)

PEMabove: PEM - desired values above the reference line

Description

Percentage of Data Exceeding the Median (PEM). The PEM procedure offers a method to assess effect size and adjust for the influence of outliers in the baseline phase when desired values are above the reference line.

Usage

PEMabove(behavior, phaseX, v1, v2)

Arguments

behavior

behavior variable

phaseX

phase variable

v1

first phase variable (e.g., "A")

v2

second phase variable (e.g., "B")

References

{Lenz, A.S. (2012). Calculating effect size in single-case research: A comparison of nonoverlap methods. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 46(1), 64-73.

Ma, H-H. (2009). The effectiveness of intervention on the behavior of individuals with autism: A meta-analysis using percentage of data points exceeding the median of baseline phase. Behavior Modification, 33(3), 339-359.

} { Go to www.ssdanalysis.com for more information.}

Examples

esteem<-c(3, 4, 2, 5, 3, 4, NA, 2, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2, NA, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0)
pesteem<-c("A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", NA, "B", "B", "B", "B", "B", "B", NA, "B1", "B1", "B1", "B1", "B1", "B1", "B1", "B1")
PEMabove(esteem,pesteem,"A","B1")