SimDesign (version 0.4.1)

bias: Compute (relative) bias summary statistic

Description

Computes the (relative) bias of a sample estimate from the population value. Accepts observed and population values, as well as observed values which are in deviation form. If relative bias is requested the observed and population inputs are both required.

Usage

bias(observed, population = NULL, relative = FALSE)

Arguments

observed

a numeric vector or matrix/data.frame of parameter estimates. If a vector, the length is equal to the number of replications. If a matrix/data.frame, the number of rows must equal the number of replications

population

a numeric scalar/vector indicating the fixed population values. If a single value is supplied and observed is a matrix/data.frame then the value will be recycled for each column. If NULL, then it will be assumed that the observed

relative

logical; compute the relative bias statistic? Default is FALSE

Value

• returns a numeric vector indicating the overall (relative) bias in the estimates

See Also

RMSE

Examples

pop <- 2
samp <- rnorm(100, 2, sd = 0.5)
bias(samp, pop)
bias(samp, pop, relative = TRUE)

dev <- samp - pop
bias(dev)

# equivalent here
bias(mean(samp), pop)

# matrix input
mat <- cbind(M1=rnorm(100, 2, sd = 0.5), M2 = rnorm(100, 2, sd = 1))
bias(mat, population = 2)

# same, but with data.frame
df <- data.frame(M1=rnorm(100, 2, sd = 0.5), M2 = rnorm(100, 2, sd = 1))
bias(df, population = c(2,2))