The \(M\) statistics is defined as: $$M=\sum_{l=1}^{K}\left(\frac{(O_{x,l}-E_{x,l})^2}{E_{x,l}}+\frac{(O_{x,l}-E_{x,l})^2}{\left(n_ln_{l+1}-E_{x,l}\right)}\right)+\sum_{l=1}^{K}\left(\frac{(O_{y,l}-E_{y,l})^2}{E_{y,l}}+\frac{(O_{y,l}-E_{y,l})^2}{\left(m_lm_{l+1}-E_{y,l}\right)}\right).$$