YaleToolkit (version 3.2)

Leaves: Morphological descriptions of leaf floras

Description

Measurements of the percentages of leaves in 31 morphological (or architectural) categories found in 245 leaf floras from 4 studies.

Usage

data(Leaves)

source

Green, W. A. (2006) Loosening the CLAMP: An exploratory graphical approach to the Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program Palaeontologia Electronica 9(2):9A.

http://www.palaeo-electronica.org/2006_2/clamp/index.html

http://www.open.ac.uk/earth-research/spicer/CLAMP/Physg3ar.xls (the climatic variables)

http://www.open.ac.uk/earth-research/spicer/CLAMP/MET3AR.xls (the morphological leaf scores)

Details

Data consists of a data frame with 245 rows and 33 columns (variables). The rows represent floras (collections of plants from a defined locality); the first 31 variables are percentages of leaves in each flora in each of 31 morphological categories; the 32nd variable is mean annual temperature of the area from which the floras was collected in degrees C, and the 32nd is a factor indicating which of 4 published studies the floras come from. See cited publications for more details.

References

Gregory-Wodzicki, K. M. (2000) Relationships between leaf morphology and climate, Bolivia: implications for estimating paleoclimate from fossil floras. Paleobiology 26(4):668--688.

Jacobs, B. F. (1999) Estimation of rainfall variables from leaf characters in tropical Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 145:231--250.

Jacobs, B. F. (2002) Estimation of low-latitude paleoclimates using fossil angiosperm leaves: examples from the Miocene Tugen Hills, Kenya. Paleobiology 28(3):399--421.

Kowalski, E. A. (2002) Mean annual temperature estimation base on leaf morphology: a test from tropical South America. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 188:141--165.

Wolfe, J.A., (1993), A method of obtaining climatic parameters from leaf assemblages. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2040, 73 pp.

Examples

data(Leaves)
## maybe str(Leaves) ; plot(Leaves) ...