The McIntosh dominance index, \(0 \leq D < 1\). The index is undefined
when the total number of counts is 1 or 0, in which case we return
NaN.
Details
For a vector x of raw species counts, the McIntosh dominance index is
defined as $$D = \frac{N - U}{N - \sqrt{N}},$$ where \(N\) is the total
number of counts and \(U = \sqrt{\sum_i x_i^2}\).
This index is appropriate only for raw counts, not transformed counts or
proportions.
Equivalent to mcintosh_d() in skbio.diversity.alpha.
References
McIntosh RP. An index of diversity and the relation of certain concepts to
diversity. Ecology. 1967;48:1115-1126.