# mlphylo

From ape v2.1-1
0th

Percentile

##### Estimating Phylogenies by Maximum Likelihood

mlphylo estimates a phylogenetic tree by maximum likelihood given a set of DNA sequences. The model of evolution is specified with the function DNAmodel.

logLik, deviance, and AIC are generic functions used to extract the log-likelihood, the deviance (-2*logLik), or the Akaike information criterion of a tree. If no such values are available, NULL is returned.

Keywords
models
##### Usage
mlphylo(x, phy, model = DNAmodel(), search.tree = FALSE,
quiet = FALSE, value = NULL, fixed = FALSE)
## S3 method for class 'phylo':
logLik(object, ...)
## S3 method for class 'phylo':
deviance(object, ...)
## S3 method for class 'phylo':
AIC(object, ..., k = 2)
##### Arguments
x
an object of class "DNAbin" giving the (aligned) DNA sequence data.
phy
an object of class "phylo" giving the tree.
model
an object of class "DNAmodel" giving the model to be fitted.
search.tree
a logical specifying whether to search for the best tree (defaults to FALSE) (not functional for the moment).
quiet
a logical specifying whether to display the progress of the analysis.
value
a list with elements named rates, alpha, and invar, or at least one of these, giving the initial values of the parameters of the model. If NULL, some initial values are given internally.
fixed
a logical specifying whether to optimize parameters given in value.
object
an object of class "phylo".
k
a numeric value giving the penalty per estimated parameter; the default is k = 2 which is the classical Akaike information criterion.
...
further arguments passed to or from other methods.
##### Details

The model specified by DNAmodel is fitted using the standard pruning'' algorithm of Felsenstein (1981).

The implementation of the inter-sites variation in substitution rates follows the methodology developed by Yang (1994).

The difference among partitions is parametrized with a contrast parameter (denoted $\xi$) that specifies the contrast in mean susbtitution rate among the partitions. This methodology is inspired from one introduced by Yang (1996).

The substitution rates are indexed column-wise in the rate matrix: the first rate is set to one.

##### Value

• an object of class "phylo". There are possible additional attributes:
• loglikthe maximum log-likelihood.
• npartthe number of partitions.
• modelthe substitution model.
• ratesthe estimated substitution rates.
• invarthe estimated proportion of invariants.
• alphathe estimated shape parameter of the inter-sites variation in substitution rates.

##### Note

For the moment, it is not possible to estimate neither branch lengths, nor the topology with mlphylo. The function may estimate all other parameters: substitution rates, shape ($\alpha$) of the inter-sites variation in substitution rates, the proportion of invariants, and the contrast'' parameter ($\xi$) among partitions.

Alternative topologies can also be compared using likelihood-ratio tests (LRTs) or AICs.

##### References

Felsenstein, J. (1981) Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 17, 368--376.

Yang, Z. (1994) Maximum likelihood phylogenetic estimation from DNA sequences with variable rates over sites: approximate methods. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 39, 306--314.

Yang, Z. (1996) Maximum-likelihood models for combined analyses of multiple sequence data. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 42, 587--596.

DNAmodel, nj, read.dna, summary.phylo