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from:to
a:b
factor
s of the same length.integer
if from
is integer-valued and the result
is representable in the R integer type, otherwise of type
"double"
(aka mode
"numeric"
). For factors, an unordered factor with levels labelled as la:lb
and ordered lexicographically (that is, lb
varies fastest).:
has two meanings: for factors a:b
is
equivalent to interaction(a, b)
(but the levels are
ordered and labelled differently). For other arguments from:to
is equivalent to seq(from, to)
,
and generates a sequence from from
to to
in steps of 1
or -1
. Value to
will be included if it differs from
from
by an integer up to a numeric fuzz of about 1e-7
.
Non-numeric arguments are coerced internally (hence without
dispatching methods) to numeric---complex values will have their
imaginary parts discarded with a warning.:
for factors.)seq
(a generalization of from:to
). As an alternative to using :
for factors, interaction
. For :
used in the formal representation of an interaction, see
formula
.1:4
pi:6 # real
6:pi # integer
f1 <- gl(2, 3); f1
f2 <- gl(3, 2); f2
f1:f2 # a factor, the "cross" f1 x f2
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