car (version 3.0-12)

# vif: Variance Inflation Factors

## Description

Calculates variance-inflation and generalized variance-inflation factors (VIFs and GVIFs) for linear, generalized linear, and other regression models.

## Usage

vif(mod, ...)# S3 method for default
vif(mod, ...)# S3 method for merMod
vif(mod, ...)# S3 method for polr
vif(mod, ...)# S3 method for svyolr
vif(mod, ...)

## Arguments

mod

for the default method, an object that responds to coef, vcov, and model.matrix, such as an lm or glm object.

not used.

## Value

A vector of vifs, or a matrix containing one row for each term in the model, and columns for the GVIF, df, and $$GVIF^{1/(2\times df)}$$.

## Details

If all terms in an unweighted linear model have 1 df, then the usual variance-inflation factors are calculated.

If any terms in an unweighted linear model have more than 1 df, then generalized variance-inflation factors (Fox and Monette, 1992) are calculated. These are interpretable as the inflation in size of the confidence ellipse or ellipsoid for the coefficients of the term in comparison with what would be obtained for orthogonal data.

The generalized vifs are invariant with respect to the coding of the terms in the model (as long as the subspace of the columns of the model matrix pertaining to each term is invariant). To adjust for the dimension of the confidence ellipsoid, the function also prints $$GVIF^{1/(2\times df)}$$ where $$df$$ is the degrees of freedom associated with the term.

Through a further generalization, the implementation here is applicable as well to other sorts of models, in particular weighted linear models, generalized linear models, and mixed-effects models.

Specific methods are provided for ordinal regression model objects produced by polr in the MASS package and svyolr in the survey package, which are "intercept-less"; VIFs or GVIFs for linear and similar regression models without intercepts are generally not sensible.

## References

Fox, J. and Monette, G. (1992) Generalized collinearity diagnostics. JASA, 87, 178--183.

Fox, J. (2016) Applied Regression Analysis and Generalized Linear Models, Third Edition. Sage.

Fox, J. and Weisberg, S. (2018) An R Companion to Applied Regression, Third Edition, Sage.

## Examples

# NOT RUN {
vif(lm(prestige ~ income + education, data=Duncan))
vif(lm(prestige ~ income + education + type, data=Duncan))

# }