cliot (version 1.0.0)

cardiac_anesthesia_risk_evaluation: Cardiac Anesthesia Risk Evaluation (CARE) Score

Description

Calculates the CARE score to predict in-hospital mortality and morbidity after cardiac surgery. This score categorizes patients into one of five risk classes based on the presence of specific preoperative risk factors, prioritizing the most severe condition present.

Usage

cardiac_anesthesia_risk_evaluation(history_cardiac_surgery, complex_surgery,
                                   uncontrolled_medical_condition, emergency_surgery)

Value

A list containing:

CARE_Score

The calculated risk class (1-5).

In_Hospital_Mortality_Risk

Estimated mortality percentage.

Morbidity_Risk

Estimated morbidity percentage (e.g., stroke, renal failure, prolonged ventilation).

Arguments

history_cardiac_surgery

Numeric (0 or 1). Prior cardiac surgery. (1 = Yes). This assigns a base score of 2.

complex_surgery

Numeric (0 or 1). Surgery other than isolated CABG (e.g., valve, aortic, or combined procedures). (1 = Yes). This assigns a base score of 3.

uncontrolled_medical_condition

Numeric (0 or 1). Presence of uncontrolled medical conditions (e.g., active heart failure, acute MI <7 days, unstable angina). (1 = Yes). This assigns a base score of 4.

emergency_surgery

Numeric (0 or 1). Surgery required immediately to save life or limb. (1 = Yes). This assigns a base score of 5.

Details

The scoring is hierarchical. A patient is assigned the highest score for which they meet the criteria: Score 5: Emergency surgery. Score 4: Uncontrolled medical condition (if not Emergency). Score 3: Complex surgery (if not Emergency or Uncontrolled). Score 2: Prior cardiac surgery (if not the above). Score 1: Routine case (none of the above).

References

Dupuis JY, Wang F, Nathan H, et al. The cardiac anesthesia risk evaluation score: a clinically useful predictor of mortality and morbidity after cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 2001;94(2):194-204. doi:10.1097/00000542-200102000-00009

Examples

# Example 1: Routine CABG (No risks)
# Score = 1
cardiac_anesthesia_risk_evaluation(0, 0, 0, 0)

# Example 2: Emergency Surgery
# Regardless of other factors, Emergency = Score 5
cardiac_anesthesia_risk_evaluation(1, 1, 1, 1)

# Example 3: Valve Surgery (Complex) with no other uncontrolled conditions
# Score = 3
cardiac_anesthesia_risk_evaluation(0, 1, 0, 0)