cliot (version 1.0.0)

forrest_classification: Forrest Classification for Upper GI Bleeding

Description

Retrieves the Forrest Classification, associated rebleeding risk, and management recommendations for patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage based on endoscopic findings. This system is used to stratify high-risk lesions requiring endoscopic intervention from low-risk lesions suitable for standard medical therapy or early discharge.

Usage

forrest_classification(endoscopic_finding)

Value

A list containing:

Forrest_Class

The classification grade (Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIc, or III).

Risk_of_Rebleeding

Estimated probability of rebleeding if untreated.

Mortality_Risk

Estimated mortality risk.

Management_Recommendation

Guidance on the need for endoscopic hemostasis.

Arguments

endoscopic_finding

String. The specific finding observed during endoscopy. Options: "spurting_hemorrhage" (Active pulsatile bleeding). "oozing_hemorrhage" (Active non-pulsatile bleeding). "visible_vessel" (Non-bleeding visible vessel). "adherent_clot" (Adherent clot). "flat_pigmented_spot" (Flat pigmented spot/hematin). "clean_base" (Clean ulcer base).

References

Forrest JA, Finlayson ND, Shearman DJ. Endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding. Lancet. 1974;2(7877):394-397. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91770-x

Examples

# Example 1: High Risk
# Active spurting bleeding
forrest_classification("spurting_hemorrhage")

# Example 2: Low Risk
# Clean ulcer base
forrest_classification("clean_base")