cliot (version 1.0.0)

galad_score_hcc: GALAD Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

Description

Calculates the GALAD score (Gender, Age, AFP-L3, AFP, DCP) to estimate the probability of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic liver disease. This serum biomarker-based model demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity for detecting early-stage HCC, often outperforming AFP alone.

Usage

galad_score_hcc(sex, age, afp, afp_l3, dcp)

Value

A list containing:

GALAD_Score_Z

The linear predictor score (Z).

Probability_HCC

The estimated probability of having HCC.

Risk_Category

Assessment based on standard cutoffs (e.g., Z > -0.63 suggests higher risk).

Arguments

sex

String. Patient sex ("Male" or "Female"). (Male adds 1.67 to the Z-score).

age

Numeric. Patient age in years.

afp

Numeric. Alpha-fetoprotein level in ng/mL.

afp_l3

Numeric. Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP in percentage (%).

dcp

Numeric. Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin level in ng/mL.

References

Johnson PJ, Pirrie SJ, Cox TF, et al. The detection of hepatocellular carcinoma using a prospectively developed and validated model based on serological biomarkers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014;23(1):144-153. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0870

Examples

# Example 1: High Risk
# 65yo Male, AFP 10 ng/mL, AFP-L3 5%, DCP 20 ng/mL
# Z-score approx 1.3 -> High Probability (~79%)
galad_score_hcc("male", 65, 10, 5, 20)

# Example 2: Low Risk
# 40yo Female, AFP 3 ng/mL, AFP-L3 1%, DCP 5 ng/mL
# Z-score approx -4.5 -> Low Probability (<2%)
galad_score_hcc("female", 40, 3, 1, 5)