cliot (version 1.0.0)

score_4at: 4AT: 4-Test Delirium Assessment

Description

Calculates the 4AT score to screen for delirium and cognitive impairment. The 4AT is a rapid (<2 min) validated tool used in clinical settings. It assesses Alertness, the AMT4 (Abbreviated Mental Test - 4), Attention (Months Backwards), and Acute Change.

Usage

score_4at(alertness, amt4_mistakes, attention_months, acute_change)

Value

A list containing:

Total_Score

Sum of the component scores (Range 0-12).

Interpretation

Clinical interpretation: "Delirium unlikely" (0), "Possible cognitive impairment" (1-3), or "Possible delirium" (4+).

Item_Breakdown

Individual scores for each of the 4 items.

Arguments

alertness

Numeric. 0 = Normal (fully alert, not agitated). 1 = Mild sleepiness for < 10 seconds after waking, then normal. 2 = Clearly abnormal (markedly drowsy or agitated). (Note: Scores 0 or 1 result in 0 points; Score 2 results in 4 points).

amt4_mistakes

Numeric. Number of mistakes on the AMT4 (Age, Date of Birth, Place, Current Year). 0 = No mistakes (0 points). 1 = 1 mistake (1 point). 2 = 2 or more mistakes or Untestable (2 points).

attention_months

Numeric. Performance on "Months of the year backwards". 0 = Achieves 7 months or more correctly (0 points). 1 = Starts but scores < 7 months / refuses (1 point). 2 = Untestable (cannot start due to unwell/drowsy/inattentive) (2 points).

acute_change

Numeric. Evidence of significant change or fluctuation in mental status. 0 = No (0 points). 1 = Yes (4 points).

References

Bellelli G, et al. Validation of the 4AT, a new instrument for rapid delirium screening: a study in 234 hospitalised older people. Age Ageing. 2014;43(4):496-502. doi:10.1093/ageing/afu021

Examples

# Example 1: Possible Delirium
# Clearly abnormal alertness (Score 4), Untestable AMT4 (Score 2),
# Untestable Attention (Score 2), Acute Change Yes (Score 4) -> Total 12
score_4at(2, 2, 2, 1)

# Example 2: Normal
# Fully alert, 0 mistakes, >7 months correct, No acute change -> Total 0
score_4at(0, 0, 0, 0)

# Example 3: Possible Cognitive Impairment
# Alert, 1 mistake on AMT4, Refuses attention test, No acute change -> Total 2
score_4at(0, 1, 1, 0)