Given a CTS of length \(T\) with range \(\mathcal{V}=\{1, 2, \ldots, r\}\),
\(\overline{X}_t=\{\overline{X}_1,\ldots, \overline{X}_T\}\), the function
constructs the binarized time series, which is defined as
\(\overline{\boldsymbol Y}_t=\{\overline{\boldsymbol Y}_1, \ldots, \overline{\boldsymbol Y}_T\}\),
with \(\overline{\boldsymbol Y}_k=(\overline{Y}_{k,1}, \ldots, \overline{Y}_{k,r})^\top\)
such that \(\overline{Y}_{k,i}=1\) if \(\overline{X}_k=i\) (\(k=1,\ldots,T,
, i=1,\ldots,r\)). The binarized series is constructed in the form of a matrix
whose rows represent time observations and whose columns represent the
categories in the original series