Lamb, RJ. (1992) Developmental rate of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae) at low temperatures: implications for estimating rate parameters for insects. Environmental Entomology 21(1): 10-19.
lamb_92where rT is the development rate, T the temperature, Rm the maximum development rate, Tmax the optimum temperature, and To the shape parameter giving the spread of the curve.