emmGrid or summary_emm objectMethods are provided to plot EMMs as side-by-side CIs, and optionally to display “comparison arrows” for displaying pairwise comparisons.
# S3 method for emmGrid
plot(x, y, type, CIs = TRUE, PIs = FALSE,
comparisons = FALSE, colors = c("black", "blue", "blue", "red"),
alpha = 0.05, adjust = "tukey", int.adjust = "none", intervals,
frequentist, ...)# S3 method for summary_emm
plot(x, y, horizontal = TRUE, CIs = TRUE, xlab,
ylab, layout, colors = c("black", "blue", "blue", "red"), intervals,
...)
Object of class emmGrid or summary_emm
(Required but ignored)
Character value specifying the type of prediction desired
(matching "linear.predictor", "link", or "response").
See details under summary.emmGrid.
Logical value. If TRUE, confidence intervals are
plotted for each estimate.
Logical value. If TRUE, prediction intervals are
plotted for each estimate. If objecct is a Bayesian model,
this requires frequentist = TRUE and sigma = (some value).
Note that the PIs option is not available with
summary_emm objects -- only for emmGrid objects.
Also, prediction intervals are not available
with engine = "lattice".
Logical value. If TRUE, “comparison arrows”
are added to the plot, in such a way that the degree to which arrows
overlap reflects as much as possible the significance of the comparison of
the two estimates. (A warning is issued if this can't be done.)
Character vector of color names to use for estimates, CIs, PIs, and comparison arrows, respectively. CIs and PIs are rendered with some transparency, and colors are recycled if the length is less than four; so all plot elements are visible even if a single color is specified.
The significance level to use in constructing comparison arrows
Character value: Multiplicity adjustment method for comparison arrows only.
Character value: Multiplicity adjustment method for the plotted confidence intervals only.
If specified, it is used to set CIs. This is the previous
name of CIs and is provided for backward compatibility.
Logical value. If there is a posterior MCMC sample and
frequentist is non-missing and TRUE, a frequentist summary is used for
obtaining the plot data, rather than the posterior point estimate and HPD
intervals. This argument is ignored when it is not a Bayesian model.
Additional arguments passed to update.emmGrid,
predict.emmGrid, or
dotplot
Logical value specifying whether the intervals should be plotted horizontally or vertically
Character label for horizontal axis
Character label for vertical axis
Numeric value passed to dotplot
If any by variables are in force, the plot is divided into separate
panels. These functions use the dotplot function, and
thus require that the lattice package be installed. For
"summary_emm" objects, the … arguments in plot
are passed only to dotplot, whereas for "emmGrid"
objects, the object is updated using … before summarizing and
plotting.
In plots with comparisons = TRUE, the resulting arrows are only
approximate, and in some cases may fail to accurately reflect the pairwise
comparisons of the estimates -- especially when estimates having large and
small standard errors are intermingled in just the wrong way. Note that the
maximum and minimum estimates have arrows only in one direction, since there
is no need to compare them with anything higher or lower, respectively.
If adjust or int.adjust are not supplied, they default to the
internal adjust setting saved in pairs(x) and x
respectively (see update.emmGrid).
# NOT RUN {
warp.lm <- lm(breaks ~ wool * tension, data = warpbreaks)
warp.emm <- emmeans(warp.lm, ~ tension | wool)
plot(warp.emm)
plot(warp.emm, by = NULL, comparisons = TRUE, adjust = "mvt",
horizontal = FALSE, colors = "darkgreen")
# }
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