entropart (version 1.4-4)

SpeciesDistribution: Species Distributions.

Description

A Species Distribution is a (preferably named) vector containing species abundances or probabilities.

Usage

as.SpeciesDistribution(x)
## S3 method for class 'data.frame':
as.SpeciesDistribution(x)
## S3 method for class 'integer':
as.SpeciesDistribution(x)
## S3 method for class 'numeric':
as.SpeciesDistribution(x)
## S3 method for class 'SpeciesDistribution':
plot(x, \dots, Distribution = NULL, 
         type = "b", log = "y", main = NULL, xlab = "Rank", ylab = NULL)
is.SpeciesDistribution(x)
as.ProbaVector(x, Correction = "None", Unveiling = "None", 
          RCorrection = "Chao1", JackOver = FALSE, CEstimator = "ZhangHuang", 
          CheckArguments = TRUE)
## S3 method for class 'data.frame':
as.ProbaVector(x, Correction = "None", Unveiling = "None", 
          RCorrection = "Chao1", JackOver = FALSE, CEstimator = "ZhangHuang", 
          CheckArguments = TRUE)
## S3 method for class 'integer':
as.ProbaVector(x, Correction = "None", Unveiling = "None", 
          RCorrection = "Chao1", JackOver = FALSE, CEstimator = "ZhangHuang", 
          CheckArguments = TRUE)
## S3 method for class 'numeric':
as.ProbaVector(x, Correction = "None", Unveiling = "None", 
          RCorrection = "Chao1", JackOver = FALSE, CEstimator = "ZhangHuang", 
          CheckArguments = TRUE)
is.ProbaVector(x)
as.AbdVector(x, Round = TRUE)
## S3 method for class 'data.frame':
as.AbdVector(x, Round = TRUE)
## S3 method for class 'integer':
as.AbdVector(x, Round = TRUE)
## S3 method for class 'numeric':
as.AbdVector(x, Round = TRUE)
is.AbdVector(x)

Arguments

x

An object.

Distribution

The distribution to fit on the plot. May be "lnorm" (log-normal), "lseries" (log-series), "geom" (geometric) or "bstick" (broken stick). If NULL, no distribution is fitted. See

Round

If TRUE (by default), values of x are set to integer to create an AbdVector. This is useful if original abundances are not integers (this is often the case for MetaCommunit

Correction

A string containing one of the possible corrections to estimate a probability distribution: "None" (no correction, the default value), "Chao2013", "Chao2015" or "ChaoShen".

Unveiling

A string containing one of the possible unveiling methods to estimate the probabilities of the unobserved species: "None" (default, no species is added), "unif" (uniform: all unobserved species have the same probability) or

RCorrection

A string containing a correction recognized by Richness to evaluate the total number of species. "Chao1" is the default value.

JackOver

If TRUE, retain the jackknife order immediately superior to the optimal one, usually resulting in the overestimation of the number of species. Default is FALSE. Ignored if RCorrection is not "Jackknife".

CEstimator

A string containing an estimator recognized by Coverage to evaluate the sample coverage. "ZhangHuang" is the default value.

type

The plot type, see plot.

log

The axis to plot in log scale, e.g. "xy" for both axes. Default is "y".

main

The main title of the plot. if NULL (by default), there is no title.

xlab

The X axis label, "Rank" by default.

ylab

The Y axis label. if NULL (by default), "Probability" or "Abundance" is chosen according to the object class.

...

Additional arguments to be passed to plot.

CheckArguments

Logical; if TRUE, the function arguments are verified. Should be set to FALSE to save time when the arguments have been checked elsewhere.

Details

SpeciesDistribution objects include AbdVector and ProbaVector objects. as.AbdVector just sets the class of the numeric or integer x so that appropriate versions of community functions (generic methods such as Diversity) are applied. Abundance values are rounded (by default) to the nearest integer. as.ProbaVector normalizes the vector so that it sums to 1. If Correction is not "None", the observed abundance distribution is used to estimate the actual species distribution. The list of species will be changed: zero-aundance species will be cleared, and some unobserved species will be added. First, observed species probabilities are estimated folllowing Chao and Shen (2003), i.e. input probabilities are multiplied by the sample coverage, or according to more sophisticated models: Chao et al. (2013, single-parameter model), or Chao et al. (2015, two-parameter model). The total probability of observed species equals the sample coverage. Then, the distribution of unobserved species can be unveiled: their number is estimated according to RCorrection (if the Jackknife estimator is chosen, the JackOver argument allows using the order immediately over the optimal one). The coverage deficit (1 minus the sample coverage) is shared by the unobserved species equally (Unveiling = "unif", Chao et al., 2013) or according to a geometric distribution (Unveiling = "geom", Chao et al., 2015). These functions can be applied to data frames to calculate the joint diversity (Gregorius, 2010). SpeciesDistribution objects can be plotted. The plot method returns the estimated parameters of the fitted distribution. The broken stick has no parameter, so the maximum abundance is returned.

References

Chao, A. and Shen, T. J. (2003). Nonparametric estimation of Shannon's index of diversity when there are unseen species in sample. Environmental and Ecological Statistics 10(4): 429-443. Chao, A., Wang, Y. T. and Jost, L. (2013). Entropy and the species accumulation curve: a novel entropy estimator via discovery rates of new species. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 4(11):1091-1100. Chao, A., Hsieh, T. C., Chazdon, R. L., Colwell, R. K., Gotelli, N. J. (2015) Unveiling the Species-Rank Abundance Distribution by Generalizing Good-Turing Sample Coverage Theory. Ecology 96(5): 1189-1201. Fisher R.A., Corbet A.S., Williams C.B. (1943) The Relation Between the Number of Species and the Number of Individuals in a Random Sample of an Animal Population. Journal of Animal Ecology 12: 42-58. Gregorius H.-R. (2010) Linking Diversity and Differentiation. Diversity 2(3): 370-394.

See Also

rgeom, rlnorm, rCommunity

Examples

# Load Paracou data (number of trees per species in two 1-ha plot of a tropical forest)
  data(Paracou618)
  # Ns is the total number of trees per species
  Ns <- as.AbdVector(Paracou618.MC$Ns)
  # Whittaker plot, poorly fitted by a log-normal distribution
  plot(Ns, Distribution = "lnorm")