fMultivar (version 220.10063)

BenchmarkAnalysis: Utilities and Benchmark Analysis

Description

A collection and description of utility and benchmark functions for the analysis of financial markets. The collection provides a set of functions for the computation of returns, for the display of price charts, and for benchmark measurements. The functions are: ll{ getReturns Computes returns given a price series, ohlcPlot Plots open--high--low--close bar charts, sharpeRatio Computes Sharpe Ratio, sterlingRatio Computes Sterling Ratio, maxDrawDown Computes maximum drawdown.}

Usage

getReturns(x, type = c("continuous", "discrete"), percentage = FALSE, 
	trim = TRUE, digits = 4)
	
ohlcPlot(x, xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL, xlab = "Time", ylab, col = par("col"),
	bg = par("bg"), axes = TRUE, frame.plot = axes, ann = par("ann"),
   	main = NULL, date = c("calendar", "julian"), format = "%Y-%m-%d",
    origin = "1899-12-30", ...)
    
sharpeRatio(x, r = 0, scale = sqrt(250))
sterlingRatio(x)

maxDrawDown(x)

Arguments

date, format, origin

[ohlcPlot] - date elements, date, a string indicating the type of x axis annotation. Default is calendar dates. format, a string indicating the format of the x axis annotation if date == "calendar". Fo

digits

[getReturns] - number of digits to be printed. By default 4.

percentage

[getReturns] - a logical flag. If set to TRUE, the return series will be expressed in percentage points otherwise not. The default is FALSE.

r

[sharpeRatio] - the risk free rate. Default corresponds to using portfolio returns not in excess of the riskless return.

scale

[sharpeRatio] - a scale factor. Default corresponds to an annualization when working with daily financial time series data.

trim

[getReturns] - a logical flag. If set to TRUE, the first missing observation in the return series will be removed. The default is TRUE.

type

[getReturns] - a character string specifying the type of returns to be computed. If type="continuous", the returns are calculated as the logarithm differences; if type="discrete", the returns are calculated as percen

x

a numeric vector of prices. For ohlcPlot a multivariate time series object of class mts is required.

xlim, ylim, xlab, ylab, col, bg, axes, frame.plot, ann, main

[ohlcPlot] - graphical arguments, see plot, plot.default and par.

...

[ohlcPlot] - further graphical arguments passed to plot.window, title, axis, and

Value

• ohlcPlot creates an Open--High--Low--Close chart. sharpeRatio sterlingRatio return the Sharpe or Sterling ratio, a numeric value. maxDrawDown returns a list containing the following three components: maxDrawDown, double representing the max drawdown or max loss statistic; from, the index (or vector of indices) where the maximum drawdown period starts; to, the index (or vector of indices) where the max drawdown period ends. getReturns returns an object of the same class as the input object x.

Details

Open--High--Low--Close Chart: Within an open--high--low--close bar chart, each bar represents price information for the time interval between the open and the close price. The left tick for each bar indicates the open price for the time interval. The right tick indicates the closing price for the time interval. The vertical length of the bar represents the price range for the time interval. The time scale of x must be in Julian dates (days since the origin). [tseries:plotOHLC] Sharpe and Sterling Ratios: The Sharpe ratio is defined as a portfolio's mean return in excess of the riskless return divided by the portfolio's standard deviation. In finance the Sharpe Ratio represents a measure of the portfolio's risk-adjusted (excess) return. The Sterling ratio is defined as a portfolio's overall return divided by the portfolio's maximum drawdown statistic. In finance the Sterling Ratio represents a measure of the portfolio's risk-adjusted return. [tseries:sharpe] Maximum Drawdown: The maximum drawdown or maximum loss statistic is defined as the maximum value drop after one of the peaks of x. For financial instruments the maximum drawdown represents the worst investment loss for a buy--and--hold strategy invested in x. [tseries:maxdrawdown] Get Returns: The function computes the return series given a financial security price series. The price series may be an object of class numeric or a time series object. This includes objects of classes "ts", "its" and/or "timeSeries".

Examples

## SOURCE("fMultivar.D2-BenchmarkAnalysis")

## ohlcPlot -
   # Plot OHLC for SP500
   # ohlcPlot(x, ylab = "price", main = instrument)
   
## sharpeRatio -
   xmpMultivar("\nStart: Sharpe Ratio > ")
   # Sharpe Ratio for DAX and FTSE:
   data(EuStockMarkets)
   dax = log(EuStockMarkets[, "DAX"])
   ftse = log(EuStockMarkets[, "FTSE"])
   # Ratios:
   sharpeRatio(dax)
   sharpeRatio(ftse)
   
## maxDrawDown -
   xmpMultivar("\nNext: Max-Draw-Downs for the DAX Index >")
   par(mfrow = c(1, 1), cex = 0.7)
   data(EuStockMarkets)
   dax = log(EuStockMarkets[, "DAX"])
   mdd = maxDrawDown(dax)
   mdd
   # Plot DAX:
   plot(dax)
   segments(time(dax)[mdd$from], dax[mdd$from],
     time(dax)[mdd$to], dax[mdd$from])
   segments(time(dax)[mdd$from], dax[mdd$to],
     time(dax)[mdd$to], dax[mdd$to])
   mid = time(dax)[(mdd$from + mdd$to)/2]
   arrows(mid, dax[mdd$from], mid, dax[mdd$to], col = 2)
   title(main = "DAX: Max Drawdown")
   
## getReturns -
   xmpMultivar("\nNext: Returns for the DAX Index >")
   par(mfrow = c(1, 1), cex = 0.7)
   data(EuStockMarkets)
   dax = log(EuStockMarkets[, "DAX"])
   plot(getReturns(dax))
   title(main = "DAX: Returns")